In imaginations of many peoples the high mountains appear as the main habitat and field of action of gods, heroes and saints, who not only act in those landscapes, but are also buried (= reborn) there. The omnipresent category for the Armenian mountains is the vishap (= Arm. for dragon). This is visible both in corresponding archaeological and ethnological materials. According to them, the vishap appears both as deity, and as hero (= giant) and saint. Moreover, these functions are either intermingled or contradicted to each other.

Keywordsgods heroes saints vishap high altitude zones archaeological sites folk-tales.

The novel “The White Horseman” without Chapters 3 and 4 was published in “Hayrenik” magazine of Boston (1931, №. 7, 1933, №. 12) and then in a separate book in Los Angeles (vols. 1–2, 1952), in one volume in Yerevan (2016). The time included in the novel is the 1890s. This is a novel with a historical-political program, but it is not a historical novel. There are historical hidden figures among the heroes: Cherchi Kiros – Hrayr Dzhoghk (Armenak Ghazaryan (1864–1904), Malkhas – Gevorg Chaush (Gevorg Ghazaryan) (1870–1907)), Nairyan – the conventional image of an ideological leader. The novel has a cer¬tain ideological orientation: shortly after the Genocide, the loss of the homeland, it tries to instill in the people the spirit of victory, even the dream of victory.

Keywords Hamastegh “The White Horseman” Martik Cherchi Kiros Berdak Vardadzor fedayi liberation war Armenian Kurdish Turkish homeland struggle heroes victory.