Historical and philological journal
PUBLISHED SINCE 1958

ԼՈՒՅՍ Է ՏԵՍՆՈՒՄ 1958 ԹՎԱԿԱՆԻՑ
Историко-филологический журнал
ИЗДАЕТСЯ С 1958 ГОДА

HISTORICAL AND PHILOLOGICAL JOURNAL Last issue

Issue: 2026 N 2 (232)

320 Pages

PUBLISHING HOUSE «GITUTYUN» NAS RA

Editorial Board: Abraham Teryan (USA), Aelita Dolukhanyan, Anaïd Donabedian (France) , Anna Asatryan, Anushavan Zakaryan , Ashot Melkonyan, Hamo Sukiasyan, Hamo Sukiasyan, Henrik Hovhannisyan , Igor Kruchkov (Russian), Jasmine Dum-Tragut (Austria), Kevork Bardakjian USA, Kontin Benedetta (Austria), Levon Abrahamian, Levon Zekiyan (Italy), Liana Ohanyan , Pavel Avetisyan, Viktor Katvalyan ,

Sections:HistoryLiterary studiesFolklore StudiesLinguisticsArtsArchaeology and EthnographyDiscussionsPublicationsReviewsOur honoured scholarsOur jubileesScientific lifeNews

Download entire issue

Table of Contents

  1. Hrachya Baloyan - Large Educational and Cultural Center: Lazarev Institute
    14 Pages | 3-17 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-3 |

    Revceived on: 2026-04-22 | Reviewed on: 2026-05-07 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    One of the institutions that played a significant role in Armenian reality is the Lazarev Institute in Moscow. Founded by the Lazarev (Eghiazarian) family and operating in a foreign country, it rendered invaluable service to the Armenian people. The institution opened its doors in 1815, which is officially considered the year of its establishment. Alongside general education subjects, foreign languages were also taught there. Representatives of various nationalities studied at the institute.

    Keywords Moscow the Lazarevs Lazarev Institute language student education subject

    Download
  2. Edik Minasyan - The Famous Armenian, Alexander Myasnikyan
    19 Pages | 18-37 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-18 |

    Revceived on: 2026-05-19 | Reviewed on: 2026-05-27 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    The outstanding Soviet statesman, party and military figure, publicist, and literary scholar Alexander Astvatsaturovich (Fyodorovich) Myasnikyan (pseudonym – Al. Martuni, 1886-1925) is one of the most prominent figures in the modern history of the Armenian people. His life and multifaceted activities were closely connected with the struggle for freedom and the national revival of the Armenian people. The Armenian-Russian environment of Nakhichevan-on-Don (now part of the Rostov region), education in parish and diocesan schools (seminaries), and later at the Moscow Lazarev Institute contributed to the formation of Myasnikyan’s patriotic and national worldview.

    KeywordsAlexander Myasnikyan Nakhichevan-on-Don Moscow Lazarev Institute Mikael Nalbandian Western Front Commander-in-Chief Chairman of the Central Executive Committee Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Armenia

    Download
  3. Arman Yeghiazaryan - On an Important Episode in Armenian-Byzantine Ecclesiastical and Political Relations (the first quarter of the 10th century)
    13 Pages | 38-51 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-38 |

    Revceived on: 2026-05-26 | Reviewed on: 2026-05-27 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    The letter, dated 925, from Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos of Constantinople (901–907, 912–925) to the Armenian King Ashot Erkat (914–929) contains important information about Armenian-Byzantine ecclesiastical and political relations. After the death of the Armenian Catholicos Hovhannes Draskhanakertsi (898–925), Ashot Erkat sent envoys to Byzantium in 925, offering to accept a new candidate for the post of Armenian Catholicos, ordain him, and send him back to Armenia. Thus, Ashot Erkat tried to secure the support of Byzantium.

    KeywordsArmenian-Byzantine relations Ashot Yerkat union of churches confession Hovhannes Draskhanakertsi Nicholas Mystikos Patriarch of Constantinople

    Download

  1. Aelita Dolukhanyan - A Unique Byzantinist and Armenologist, Nicholas Adontz
    22 Pages | 52-74 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-52 |

    Revceived on: 2026-05-18 | Reviewed on: 2026-05-21 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Nicholas Adontz (1871–1942) was an internationally renowned Byzantinist and Armenologist. He received a brilliant education at the Tatev Monastery, the Gevorkian Seminary in Etchmiadzin, in Tiflis, and at St. Petersburg University from which he graduated with a gold medal. From 1899 to 1901, thanks to the financial support of Alexander Man-tashyants, N. Adontz completed internship in London, Paris, Munich, Strasbourg, Venice, and at the University of Vienna, working in various matenadarans (manuscript repositories) and libraries. He had the honor of attending lectures by such eminent scholars as Karl Krumbacher, Antoine Meillet, Heinrich Hübschmann and others.

    KeywordsAdontz Marr Byzantinist Armenologist Urartu Tigran the Great Macedonian dynasty St. Petersburg Gevorkian Seminary Dionysius Thrax the Armenian Question

    Download
  2. Petros Demirchyan - Tovmas Terzian in the Assessment of Arshak Chopanyan
    11 Pages | 75-86 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-75 |

    Revceived on: 2026-03-11 | Reviewed on: 2026-03-22 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Arshak Chopanian (1872–1954), a renowned Western Armenian writer, critic, publicist, translator, and figure of the national culture, beginning from the 1890s, repeatedly turned to the art of outstanding poet, playwright, translator, aesthetician, and educator Tovmas Terzian (1840–1909). Arshak Chopanian, in his articles, studied Tovmas Terzian’s biography, his personal qualities, teaching abilities, and art in whole. Analysis and assessment of T. Terzian’s art and activity were summarised by A. Chopanian in the Preface to the “Complete Collection of Poems” of T. Terzian (1929, Venice).

    KeywordsConstantinople Tovmas Terzian Arshak Chopanian educator poet playwright translator

    Download

  1. Samvel Ramazyan - About Some Geonyms of the Epic “Sasna Tsrer”
    42 Pages | 87-129 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-87 |

    Revceived on: 2026-04-20 | Reviewed on: 2026-04-22 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    In the original collection of the epic “Sasna Tsrer” (“Daredevils of Sassoun”), since 1936 the geonym “Hadrbejan” or “Azerbaijan” is mentioned, which, during the period of the USSR, was associated with the neighboring Azerbaijani SSR. Our research suggests that the above is based only on two versions recorded from Moks’ (Western Armenia) narrators who traveled abroad in the late 19th century. The narrators meant the historical Aturpatakan (Atropatene), i.e. Iranian Azerbaijan. Moreover, in one version the geonym is mentioned instead of Gurjistan (Georgia). Meanwhile, in other versions of the epic, other geonyms appear in these episodes, primarily China and India.

    Keywords“Sasna Tsrer” epic Hadrbejan (Azerbaijan) Aturpatakan Gurjistan (Georgia) Iran M. Abeghian S. Kanayan narrator Gorgiz (Gorgi)

    Download

  1. Lusine Margaryan - The Process of Renaming in the Toponymic System of Artsakh: Foundations, Causes and Consequences
    21 Pages | 130-151 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-130 |

    Revceived on: 2026-05-27 | Reviewed on: 2026-06-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    The renaming of oikonyms in the toponymic system of Artsakh is a multilayered process shaped by the interaction of historical, linguistic, cultural, and political factors. The renaming causes changes to the semantic content of an oikonym, the perception of its historical biography, and its symbolic value in public consciousness. The renaming is grounded on administrative-territorial restructuring, socio-economic relations and the ideological changes that reflect them, linguistic contacts, as well as requirements of written documentation and cartographic representation. In different historical periods, translation, phonetic transformation, calquing, reinterpretation, transliteration, literary normalization and standardization have served as mechanisms of oikonymic changes.

    KeywordsArtsakh place name oikonym renaming toponymic system historical memory administrative-territorial restructuring socio-economic relations language standardization identity cartography

    Download
  2. Karine Arakelyan - Lingual and Stylistic Means of Satire in Ervand Tolayan’s Prose
    14 Pages | 152-166 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-152 |

    Revceived on: 2026-05-18 | Reviewed on: 2026-05-29 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    The Western Armenian satirical writers have occupied a worthy niche in Armenian literature playing an undeniable role in its development. However, many of them, despite their merits, remain almost unknown to the Armenian reader and unjustly forgotten. One of them is Yervand Tolayan (1883‒1937), a writer, editor and actor, who gained fame in the Armenian cultural life of Constantinople at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1910, his main work, the satirical novel "In the Footsteps of the Ideal" was published; the novel presented the life and customs of the Armenians of Constantinople, particularly of the district Bera, in a bright satirical subtext.

    KeywordsYervand Tolayan satire language speech style means of imagery lexical layers

    Download

  1. Mher Navoyan, Nane Misakyan - On the Fundamental Principles of the Armenian Eight-Mode Studies (based on the example of the Armash tradition)
    26 Pages | 167-193 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-167 |

    Revceived on: 2026-05-18 | Reviewed on: 2026-05-22 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    One of the primary and most important objectives in the study of Armenian sacred chant is the comprehensive study of the Ut‘jayn system (the Armenian Eight-mode), including a detailed analysis of the modal structures of sharakans, their scales, functional degrees, characteristic melodic patterns, and the features of intonational development. A comprehensive study of this issue implies its examination within the framework of each chant tradition of Armenian sacred music, followed by comparative analysis. Such large-scale studies in the field of modal analysis may have considerable significance for the interpretation of khaz notation and are directed toward the development of methodological principles for the modal system of Ut‘jayn in Armenian sacred chant, based on the established theoretical tradition of Armenian musicology.

    KeywordsArmenian Eight-mode system (Ut‘jayn) mode scale system functional degrees characteristic melodic patterns musical style sharakan comparative analysis research methodology

    Download
  2. Artsvi Bakhchinyan - Arthur Adamov and Armenian Reality
    11 Pages | 194-205 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-194 |

    Revceived on: 2026-04-05 | Reviewed on: 2026-04-17 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    The French writer Arthur Adamov (Harutiun Adamyan, 1908–1970) was one of the founders of the Theatre of the Absurd, a major representative of postwar French theatre, an innovative playwright who created a new theatrical language. He was born in Kislovodsk (Russia) and lived in Europe from childhood, but despite this, Adamov was connected with the Armenian environment. As an ethnic Armenian, he was baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church, his mother tongue was Armenian, his grandmother, Yekaterina Bahatur, was the first Armenian female playwright. In France, Adamov came into contact with the Armenians, showed his early literary attempts to the famous Armenian poet Avetik Isahakyan, and maintained contact with representatives of the Armenian intellectuals (Anna Budaghyan, Ruben Zaryan, Serovbe Mkhitaryan, Nubar Tildyan). The writer had a keen interest in events and realities of Armenian life.

    KeywordsArthur Adamov French literature and theatre Yekaterina Bahatur Russian-Armenian emigrants in France Anna Budaghyan Ruben Zaryan

    Download

  1. Ara Avagyan, Gor Ghazaryan , Mariam Shakhmuradyan - A newly Identified “Desert Kite” on the Northwestern Slopes of Mount Ararat (in Eng.)
    6 Pages | 206-212 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-206 |

    Revceived on: 2026-06-16 | Reviewed on: 2026-06-18 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    The newly discovered archaeological site is located on the right bank of the Araxes River, on the northwestern slopes of Mount Ararat. It was identified through the systematic analysis of satellite imagery. The site exhibits the characteristic features of “desert kites”, including a large enclosed area, external cells, and lateral protrusions. The dating remains unknown, as no field investigations have yet been conducted at the site. The structure provides new insights into the spatial distribution and morphological variability of “desert kites” in the region.

    Keywords“Desert kites” Mount Ararat Araxes River Basin remote sensing archaeology satellite imagery

    Download

  1. Yervand Grekyan - On the Reasons for the Fall of the Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia
    34 Pages | 213-247 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-213 |

    Revceived on: 2026-04-15 | Reviewed on: 2026-04-30 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    The fall of the Arsacid kingdom of Greater Armenia in 428 AD is generally viewed in the context of geopolitical and internal conflicts of the second half of the IV – beginning of the V centuries AD. Meanwhile, the weakening of the Arsacid throne was a result of various factors. In particular, the climatic and environmental changes documented by various palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental studies indicate a comprehensive climatic phenomenon that occurred in the region around 350–450 AD, which has been named “Late Roman mega-drought” in special literature.

    KeywordsKingdom of Greater Armenia Arsacid dynasty Arshak II Pap Church crisis abandonment drought climate change decline

    Download

  1. Gegham Hovhannisyan - Information Letter of the Hunchakian Party to the Council of People (in Russ)
    13 Pages | 248-261 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-248 |

    Revceived on: 2026-05-25 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Download
  2. Anushavan Zakaryan - Review of Nikol Aghbalyan on the Book “Stikhotvorniye Perevody” by Yuri Veselovsky
    7 Pages | 262-269 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-262 |

    Revceived on: 2026-04-02 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Download

  1. Mikayel Badalyan - Karen Tokhatyan. Petroglyphs of Armenia (in Eng.)
    4 Pages | 270-274 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-270 |

    Revceived on: 2026-06-08 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Petroglyphs are intentionally created images, symbols, signs, and compositions engraved, pecked, incised, or otherwise executed on natural rock surfaces. They represent one of humanity’s earliest and most endu-ring forms of visual communication and symbolic expression, occupying a unique position at the intersection of art, cognition, religion, and social practice. Beinga materialized manifestations of hu¬man thought, petroglyphs function simultaneously as archaeological sources, historical documents, artistic creations, repositories of collective memory, and carriers of cultural knowledge.
    Download

  1. Suren Sargsyan - Azat Hambaryan (on the occasion of his 100th birthday)
    3 Pages | 275-278 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-275 |

    Revceived on: 2026-05-14 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-06-18

    Download
  2. Garegin Tumanyan - Gevorg Artashes Tiratsyan (on the occasion of his 100th birthday)
    6 Pages | 279-285 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-279 |

    Revceived on: 2026-04-16 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Download
  3. Anna Abajyan - Manvel Asatryan (on the occasion of his 100th birthday)
    5 Pages | 286-291 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-286 |

    Revceived on: 2026-06-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Download

  1. Arsen Bobokhian - Aram Kosyan (on the occasion of his 70th birthday)
    4 Pages | 292-296 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-292 |

    Revceived on: 2026-06-07 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Download
  2. Ashot Galstyan - Victor Katvalyan (on the occasion of his 65th birthday)
    3 Pages | 297-300 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-297 |

    Revceived on: 2026-06-05 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Download

  1. Anna Asatryan - “On the History of Armenian-French Cultural Ties” the First International Scientific Conference
    6 Pages | 301-307 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-301 |

    Revceived on: 2026-04-23 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Download
  2. Anna Asatryan - Institute of Arts of NAS RA and the “Art of Victory” International Scientific Conference
    1 Pages | 308-309 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-308 |

    Revceived on: 2026-05-04 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Download

  1. Viktor Katvalyan -
    1 Pages | 310-311 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-310 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Download
  2. - Kliment Harutyunyan
    1 Pages | 312-313 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.2-312 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-06-18

    Download