The Western Armenian satirical writers have occupied a worthy niche in Armenian literature playing an undeniable role in its development. However, many of them, despite their merits, remain almost unknown to the Armenian reader and unjustly forgotten. One of them is Yervand Tolayan (1883‒1937), a writer, editor and actor, who gained fame in the Armenian cultural life of Constantinople at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1910, his main work, the satirical novel "In the Footsteps of the Ideal" was published; the novel presented the life and customs of the Armenians of Constantinople, particularly of the district Bera, in a bright satirical subtext.

KeywordsYervand Tolayan satire language speech style means of imagery lexical layers

One of the primary and most important objectives in the study of Armenian sacred chant is the comprehensive study of the Ut‘jayn system (the Armenian Eight-mode), including a detailed analysis of the modal structures of sharakans, their scales, functional degrees, characteristic melodic patterns, and the features of intonational development. A comprehensive study of this issue implies its examination within the framework of each chant tradition of Armenian sacred music, followed by comparative analysis. Such large-scale studies in the field of modal analysis may have considerable significance for the interpretation of khaz notation and are directed toward the development of methodological principles for the modal system of Ut‘jayn in Armenian sacred chant, based on the established theoretical tradition of Armenian musicology.

KeywordsArmenian Eight-mode system (Ut‘jayn) mode scale system functional degrees characteristic melodic patterns musical style sharakan comparative analysis research methodology