Anahit Astoyan - The economic activity of the armenians of constantinople (End of the 19th century – beginning of the 20th century) (in Eng.)

22 Pages | 5-27 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-3 |

Revceived on: 2023-10-12 | Reviewed on: 2024-03-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / History

Abstract / Keywords

For centuries, the ruling element in the Ottoman Empire, the Turks, were engaged only in the administration of the country, leaving the economic field to the Christians of the country. Armenians, Greeks and other subject nations of the empire worked for centuries to keep the country’s economy prosperous1. After the Crimean war of 1853–1856, when the Ottoman Empire began to strengthen its relations with Europe and modernize its economy, Armenians were ready to play an important role between the empire and Europe. Armenian merchants knew European languages and the newest methods of European trade. That is why they were able to become mediators of Turkish–European trade and occupy an influential position in Turkish–European trade.

KeywordsConstantinople Ottoman Empire the Armenians of Constantinople Greeks periodic press trading company import export khan workshop factory

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Vardan Alexanyan - Hovhannes Draskhanakertsi, Catholicos-Ideologist of Armenian statehood

31 Pages | 3-34 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.2-3 |

Revceived on: 2023-01-25 | Reviewed on: 2023-01-30 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-06-19

Published in: 2023 N 2 (223) / History

Abstract / Keywords

Hovhannes Draskhanakertsi headed the catholicos throne during an epochal historical period, when the newly created Armenian statehood faced difficult external and internal challenges, and the church was severely tested. The conflicts of the ruling houses, characteristic of the era of developed feudalism, divided Armenia and undermined its political integrity. This situation posed a real threat to the independence and confessional independence of the Armenian Church. Therefore, the Armenian Patriarch supported the efforts aimed at preserving the political unity of Armenia at any cost.

Keywords Ovannes Draskhanakertci Smbat I Ashot the Iron Yusouf solidarity conciliatory mediation princes inter-princely confrontations political integrity ideologist persecution correspondence Byzantium Dvin Vaspurakan Arab raids.

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Kristine Kostikyan - Christians in the Sheki region and the petition of the Islamized Armenian-Udins (IX–XIX centuries)

15 Pages | 30-45 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-30 |

Revceived on: 2023-02-25 | Reviewed on: 2023-03-27 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / History

Abstract / Keywords

The Islamization of the Christians in the Sheki region was intensive from the very beginning of the XVIII century when the weakened Safavid Iran was not able to keep control over the region. There was no longer a force in the region capable to withstand the frequent raids of the North Caucasian tribes who treated the infidels with particular cruelty. The short periods of the Ottoman Empire dominance and Nadir Shah’s rule were also characterized by great destruction caused to the region.

KeywordsSheki Christian Armenian Udi Islamization Church of Aghvank khanate petition.

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Gor Margaryan - The significance and pecularities of the use of Šiltāqāt and tax term (14th-18th cc.)

12 Pages | 257-269 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-257 |

Revceived on: 2022-02-09 | Reviewed on: 2022-03-11 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-05-27

Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / Oriental studies

Abstract / Keywords

In the ruling period of the Ilkhans a complex and multi-layered fiscal system was formed. Since the end of the 13th century, in parallel with the weakening of the central power, corruption and arbitrariness of the state officials had developed in the Ilkhanate, as a result of which the tax system turned into a real oppression. Approximately 30 types of taxes and duties were imposed on the subject peoples, nevertheless, even after this it was difficult to replenish the state treasury, inasmuch as generally the collected taxes were robbed by the officials themselves.

Keywords šiltāqāt Ilkhans taxes and duties tax system decrees illegal taxes.

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Ruben Sahakyan - Sargis Mehrabian (Khanasori Vardan)

26 Pages | 3-29 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.3-3 |

Revceived on: 2022-07-14 | Reviewed on: 2022-10-18 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-11-09

Published in: 2022 N 3 (221) / History

Abstract / Keywords

A young man from Artsakh, Sargis Mehrabian, also known as Khanasori Vardan (Vardan of Khanasor) or simply Vardan, devoted himself to the Armenian Liberation Movement as early as 1890. Having received the baptism of fire in the campaign headed by Sargis Kukunian, he joined the Armenian Haiduk Movement. From 1894 to 1896, he took part in the self-defense of Van-Vaspurakan and carried out work on organizing resistance groups in Armenian settlements. The Khanasor expedition of 1897 can be considered the apogee of Vardan’s Haiduk activity against the Kurdish Mazrykan tribe. Having returned to the Caucasus ‒ Baku, he started writing his memoirs, which cover the events through 1894 to 1896.

KeywordsSargis Mehrabian Shushi Van Sevkaretsi Sako Khanasor Simon Zavarian Cilicia Rostom Armenian-Tatar clashes First World War volunteer movement genocide Aram Manukian Baku Yerevan.

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Alina Gharibyan - Mythological bases of the character of Khandut in the epic “Sasna Tsrer”

22 Pages | 104-126 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.1-104 |

Revceived on: 2024-11-07 | Reviewed on: 2025-02-02 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-03-27

Published in: 2025 N 1 (228) / Literary studies

Abstract / Keywords

In the epic “Sasna Tsrer” Khandut appears as a heroine endowed with exceptional qualities of heroism, dedication, and self-sacrifice. These features of her character contribute to a more holistic perception of the image of the main hero, David. The motives related to Khandut are extremely diverse, making her image the most complete and perfect. We analyzed the character of Khandut in the context of episodes and motives associated with her in 94 versions of the epic “Sasna Tsrer”, taking into account the characteristics of three typological groups (Moks, Mush, Sasoun).

Keywords“Sasna Tsrer” еpic Khandut motive Mother Goddess an Amazon heroic woman virgin goddess dragon fighter mythology goddess Anahit.

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