Historical and philological journal
PUBLISHED SINCE 1958

ԼՈՒՅՍ Է ՏԵՍՆՈՒՄ 1958 ԹՎԱԿԱՆԻՑ
Историко-филологический журнал
ИЗДАЕТСЯ С 1958 ГОДА
  • Artak Vardanyan - Relations of the Otsop-Hors subdialect with the surrounding dialects
    5 Pages | 107-112 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-107 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-03 | Reviewed on: 2024-05-06 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Linguistics

    The Otsop dialect (Otsop-Horsa), to some extent, stands out among the closely related dialects of the Jauk-Vayk interdialect (about a dozen villages of the Vayots Dzor marz of the Republic of Armenia). Phonetic, morphological and lexical deviations of the Otsop dialect from the general features of the interdialect can be explained not only by contacts with the neighboring dialects (Artsakh-Syunik dialect, interdialect of Northern Goghtn), but also by the fact that in the first half of the 19th century Armenians who migrated from Khoy and Salmast moved to the village of Otsop and lived together with the local residents, whose native dialect left its mark on some features of the autochthonous dialect.

    KeywordsJahuk-Vayk interdialect Otsop-Hors subdialect phonetic features morphological deviations lexical differences Khoy dialect Artsakh-Syunik dialect.

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  • Gayane Makhmourian - On the historical and political assessment of the Treaty of Moscow, dated march 16 (18) 1921 (in Eng.)
    24 Pages | 15-39 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-15 |

    Revceived on: 2023-12-14 | Reviewed on: 2024-03-05 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    Although officially dated 16 March 1921, the Treaty of Moscow signed by the Soviet Russia and Kemalist Turkey on 18 March 1921 exemplifies a highly politicized text which reflects the pragmatism and revolutionary zeal of the beneficiary parties. At the same time it completely ignores the funda¬mental norms of democracy and International Law. This document was concluded by the illegitimate Turkish side as evidenced by the fact that the Ottoman Empire was at that time officially ruled by the Sultan with his Cabinet in Constantinople as well as by the fact that the Kemalists referred to the National Pact (adopted by the Ottoman metropolitan Parliament on 28 January 1920) in the Article I of the Treaty of Moscow. The Kemalists emphasized this way their collaboration with the official authorities and a range of other circumstances.

    Keywords Treaty of Moscow 1921 Republic of Armenia RSFSR Kemalist Turkey Region of Kars Surmalu Nakhijevan Artsakh (Mountainous Karabakh) Azerbaijan Georgia.

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  • Artak Maghalyan - On the issue of Grigor Hasan-Jalalyan’s apostasy, Catholicos of Gandzasar
    19 Pages | 50-69 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-50 |

    Revceived on: 2023-12-08 | Reviewed on: 2023-12-27 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    In the Gavazanagirq (chronological list of Catholicoi) from Alwanq (Gandzasar) and in various chronicles, there are references to Catholicos Grigor Hasan-Jalalyan, who renounced Christianity in the 16th century. For a long time, this information remained a mystery. However, after the publication (in 1970) of the memorial records of the Gospel written by hieromonk Abraham, kept under number 33 in the library of the Amenaprkich Monastery of Nor Jugha, it became known that Catholicos Grigor was forcibly converted to Islam in 1574 by Safavid Shah Tahmasp I (1524–1576).

    KeywordsArtsakh Gandzasar Grigor Hasan-Jalalyan Catholicos Gavazanagirq (chronological list of Catholicoi) Hishatakaran (memorial record) Safavid Iran Shah Tahmasp I forced conversion assimilation policy.

  • Lusine Margaryan - An attempt to periodize the history of the toponymic system of Artsakh
    13 Pages | 117-130 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-117 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-27 | Reviewed on: 2024-06-04 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Linguistics

    The attempt to periodize the toponymic system of Artsakh is aimed at identifying historical and linguistic toponyms – realities and regularities of development of their system based on the analysis of historical and linguistic facts. Periodization is carried out on the basis of three principles: 1. The principle of the history of the toponymic system is the history of all its separate stages. 2. The principle of impossibility of absolute periodization. 3. The principle of the direct connection between the emergence of toponyms and their change in parallel with the history of the nation.

    Keywordstoponymy of Artsakh historical periodization elements of substrate linguistic impact renaming influence of historical and political processes.

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  • Armen Sargsyan, Shogher Minasyan - Lavrenti Hovhannisyan’s research on the dialect of Karabakh (Artsakh)
    12 Pages | 131-143 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-131 |

    Revceived on: 2024-07-24 | Reviewed on: 2024-07-29 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Linguistics

    Lavrenti Hovhannisyan, contemporary Armenian linguist, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, has authored a series of scientific works dedicated to the Karabakh dialect. In his works, he has examined the archaic phonetical, lexical, and grammatical features of the dialect in order to prove the existence of the Armenian population in Artsakh since ancient times. Among the most characteristic phonetic phenomena, he highlights the deafening of the initial voiced consonants in Classical Armenian, in some cases aspiration and palatalization of these consonants, which he does not associate with Turkic influence, the absence of the “f” sound and the presence of oxytonic stress.

    KeywordsKarabakh (Artsakh) dialect L. Hovhannisyan Classical Armenian Iranian languages phonetic system lexis grammatical system loanwords etymology archaisms.

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  • Ruben Karapetyan - Intensification of geopolitical struggle in the South Caucasus in the context of formation of the New Middle East after the Artsakh war in 2020 (in Russ.)
    9 Pages | 222-231 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-222 |

    Revceived on: 2024-10-16 | Reviewed on: 2024-10-31 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Discussions

    The South Caucasus region historically has always been connected with the Middle East and throughout history has been an arena of struggle between world empires and regional powers. After the Artsakh war in 2020, the Middle East is much "closer" to the South Caucasus, where the Iranian-Israeli confrontation may spread. In the context of an unprecedented number of actors in the South Caucasus and a certain geopolitical vacuum that has been created, the countries of the region are forced to reconsider their previously established relations with the centers of power.

    Keywords South Caucasus New Middle East Karabakh conflict Artsakh war Russian Federation Turkey Israel Iran Arab countries Armenia collective West new world order.

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  • Lusine Sahakyan - Vahagn Dadryan – The outstanding researcher of the Armenian Genocide
    30 Pages | 3-33 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-3 |

    Revceived on: 2023-01-27 | Reviewed on: 2023-03-06 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / History

    Prominent historian Vahagn Dadryan’s contribution to the study of the Armenian Genocide is highly valuable. Applying the latest historical-comparative and interdisciplinary methods, Dadryan discovered and introduced numerous archival documents into scientific circulation. Proceeding from theoretical statements put forward by different scientific disciplines, the scholar proposed and analyzed new problems and aspects of the Armenian Genocide, and the results of his investigations published on various academic and socio-political platforms, have always attracted the attention of academic circles.

    KeywordsVahagn Dadryan Armenian Genocide exile Armenia Artsakh Diaspora Ottoman Empire sociology criminalistics victimology document press.

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  • Lilit Dallakyan - Comparative characteristics of South Caucasian ethno-political conflicts (1990–2020) (in Eng.)
    10 Pages | 291-301 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-291 |

    Revceived on: 2023-09-12 | Reviewed on: 2023-11-17 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / Discussions

    The collapse of the Soviet Union, which had a huge geopolitical significance in recent history, was a stimulus for the outbreak of frozen ethno-political conflicts in its territory, including in the South Caucasus. The “awakening” of the inherited from the USSR and previously hidden conflicts coincided chronologically with the period of Gorbachev's reconstruction and heated up to the maximum after the collapse of the Soviet Union and after the declaration of independence of three new states in the South Caucasus: Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the framework of the formation of the modern world order, the world power centers, in particular the Russian Federation and the USA, and the states with a regional role, were actively involved in the multi-layered vortex of the problems of Nagorno Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and naturally, pursuing their interests, they turned the processes of conflict settlement into important tool for managing the situation.

    Keywords: South Caucasian ethno-political conflicts Nagorno-Karabakh-Artsakh South Ossetia Abkhazia right of self-determination of nations Georgian-Abkhazian Georgian-South Ossetian Russian-Georgian military operations chauvinism policy peacekeeping forces international law.

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  • Ruben Sahakyan - Hovhannes Ter-Martirosyan (A-Do)
    24 Pages | 9-33 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-9 |

    Revceived on: 2022-03-30 | Reviewed on: 2022-05-17 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-06-09

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / History

    Public-political figure Hovhannes Ter-Martirosyan, known under the pseudonym A-Do, was born on January 4, 1867 in Nor Bayazet town. Here he received his primary education. In 1881 he moved to Yerevan where he graduated from a diocesan school and later studied at the Kharkov University (1905), at the St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Institute (1907). A-Do was an eyewitness to the Russian Revolution (1905-1907), the Armenian-Tartar clashes (1905-1906). He thoroughly studied the causes of the clashes and wrote a special work on the conflict ‒ “Armenian-Turkish clash of 1905-1906” (1907).

    KeywordsA-Do Nor Bayаzet Yerevan Dashnaktsutyun Armenian-Tartar clashes Artsakh Van Rostom Aram Manukyan Nikol Aghbalyan February Revolution Salmast Sardarapat Garegin Nzhdeh.

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  • Henrik Khachatryan - The nakharar (princely) domаins of Armenian marzpanate (V-VI cc. AD) (in Russ.)
    15 Pages | 47-62 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-47 |

    Revceived on: 2022-02-28 | Reviewed on: 2022-03-09 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-05-31

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / History

    In 428 AD, the Persian king Vram V Gor (420/421-438/439 AD), by the agreement of most of Armenian nakharars, abolished the Arsacid kingdom (66-428 AD) in Armenia. After that, up to the 630s AD, Armenia turns into a Persian border administrative unit – marzpanate. Armenia, although had the status of marzpanate, it still retained internal autonomy in the basis of the nakharar system. The Armenian princes-nakharars remained the hereditary landowners of their territories. The nakhararutyun (principality) was ruled by the nakharar, who was the hereditary landowner of his territory and the nahapet or tanuter of his clan. In the Arshakuni and later in marzpanian Armenia, the lands were owned by three groups 1) the king (after 428 AD – the Sasanian king), 2) the church, 3) the nakharars. The principalities of the marzpanian period was quantitatively inferior to the royal one.

    KeywordsArmenian marzpanate nakharars Sasanians nakharar domains Mamikonyans Bagratunis Syunis Artsakh “Gahnamak”.

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  • Vahe Sargsyan - The last Artsakh war, Georgia, new transit projects and the end of the RA blockade process
    16 Pages | 47-63 |

    Revceived on: 2021-03-11 | Reviewed on: 2021-03-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-03-30

    Published in: 2021 N 1 (216) / Articles, reports

    Throughout the Artsakh war, which lasted from September 27 to November 9, 2020, Georgian official circles made statements about maintaining neutrality. The reliable tidings that not only Turkish and Israeli military equipment, but also terrorist groups from Syria were being transported to Azerbaijan through Georgian airspace were also denied. Nevertheless, various platforms persistently talked about the continuity of the transportation of military equipment to Azerbaijan by cargo planes of the Azerbaijani “Silk Way West Airlines” company, which is authorized to transport military cargo (which Georgian officials called “humanitarian” or “civilian” flights).

    KeywordsGeorgia Artsakh war neutrality airspace cargo planes tripartite declaration unblocking of transport communications Kars-Igdir-Nakhichevan railway blockade Turkish-Azerbaijani great-power interests.

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  • Gayane Makhmourian - Tragedy of Shushi on March 23–26, 1920, as exposed in domestic and foreign historiography (in Russ.)
    21 Pages | 112-133 |

    Revceived on: 2021-03-31 | Reviewed on: 2021-04-07 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-06-07

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    On March 23, 1920, Turkish-Azerbaijani troops with the Moslem dwellers profited of the preemptive strike, undertook by the small detachment under plenipotentiary of the ARFD Bureau Arsen Mikayelian, and fulfilled a massacre of the Shushi Armenians with a burning the city down. This events are testified in the memoirs of the witnesses together with great amount of archival material. The total destruction of Shushi is elucidated by historians of the Republic of Armenia, as well as by Diaspora and foreign specialists.

    Keywords Shushi March 23–26 1920 Mountainous Karabakh Artsakh 8th Congress of Karabakh Armenians self-defense insurrection preemptive strike historiography.

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  • Verjine Svazlyan - Relics of the oral tradition of the Artsakh Armenians emigrated to Pyatigorsk (According to the materials recorded by the author)
    14 Pages | 210-224 |

    Revceived on: 2021-03-09 | Reviewed on: 2021-03-10 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-03-30

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    In 1964, under the auspice of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia, I have a scientific trip to Pyatigorsk to study the ethnic Armenians living there. When I reached my destination, I was informed that there was a district where Armenians of Karabakh (Artsakh) lived. For me, as a folklorist-ethnographer, it was interesting to know what changes they had undergone under the conditions of coexistence with the local people, whether they remained sincere to the traditions of their cradle, etc.

    KeywordsPyatigorsk Karabakh Artsakh Russia narrator oral tradition epic lyric and saying folklore Armenian dialect.

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  • Ashot Melkonyan - Jalal Ter-Grigoryan: Javakhk’s son of Artsakh
    11 Pages | 60-71 | DOI: Doi.10.52853/01350536-2021.3-60 |

    Revceived on: 2021-11-02 | Reviewed on: 2021-11-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-11-23

    Published in: 2021 N 3 (218) / Articles, reports

    Artsakh is known for its figures who had a significant role in the development of the educational and cultural life of Armenians in big and small cities of various regions of Armenia, Transcaucasia and Europe. Unfortunately, the activities of representatives of the Artsakh intelligentsia in provincial cities are still poorly known. Among such figures is Jalal Ter-Grigoryan (the literary pseudonym of Sallyumyan) who for many years led public, pedagogical and literary activities in Javakhk.

    KeywordsArtsakh Javakhk Jalal Ter-Grigoryan (Sallyumyan) “Vernatun”.

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  • Armine Tigranyan - Azerbaijan’s policy of destruction and appropriation of the cultural heritage of the Armenians of Artsakh in the context of violation of cultural rights (in Eng.)
    33 Pages | 195-228 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.1-195 |

    Revceived on: 2024-09-11 | Reviewed on: 2024-11-24 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-03-27

    Published in: 2025 N 1 (228) / Cultural studies

    The war unleashed by Azerbaijan against Artsakh on September 27, 2020, and the subsequent developments (the transfer of Artsakh’s historical territory under Azerbaijan’s control and the complete depopulation of Artsakh of its Armenian population) demonstrate that the systematic destruction of Armenian heritage has directly violated the cultural rights of the Armenians of Artsakh–depriving them of the ability to preserve and pass on their heritage to future generations. These destructions continue to this day on an alarming scale, deepening the crisis and erasing the Armenian presence in Artsakh.

    KeywordsArtsakh Armenian cultural heritage cultural rights Azerbaijan heritage destruction appropriation forced displacement․

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  • Vahe Sargsyan - Coverage of Javakhk Armenians’ life on the pages of “Javakhk” montly newspaper (In the early 1990s)
    21 Pages | 51-72 |

    Revceived on: 2025-05-15 | Reviewed on: 2025-06-24 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-07-11

    Published in: 2025 N 2 (229) / History

    “Javakhk” newspaper, founded by the “Javakhk” people’s movement, was published in Akhalkalaki from 1990 to 1998. Although the newspaper was published with irregular periodicity and in limited circulation, it served as a platform for spreading new ideas in the social and political life of the Javakhk Armenians in the period of the collapse of the USSR and the first years of the independence of Georgia.

    KeywordsCollapse of the USSR Georgia Javakhk Armenians “Javakhk” people’s movement “Javakhk” monthly newspaper support for Artsakh.

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  • Garegin Tumanyan - Sepulchres in Artsakh with scythian cultural characteristics
    14 Pages | 247-261 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.2-247 |

    Revceived on: 2025-04-25 | Reviewed on: 2025-04-29 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-07-11

    Published in: 2025 N 2 (229) / Archaeology and Ethnography

    The fact of the former presence of Scythian tribes in the east of the Armenian Highland has long attracted the attention of researchers. In all likelihood, the Gandzak plain in the Utik province of Greater Armenia, which the Armenians called Shakashen, was one of the places of concentration of Scythian tribes that penetrated into Transcaucasia. A century ago, it was believed, that some burial mounds in the Artsakh province, bordering this region, were built by the Scythians.

    KeywordsArtsakh sepulchre burial ground deceased horse bridle characteristic Scythian arrowhead.

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  • Lusine Margaryan - Word-formation models of Artsakh toponyms
    11 Pages | 158-169 | DOI: DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2025.3-158 |

    Revceived on: 2025-07-17 | Reviewed on: 2025-08-04 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-11-17

    Published in: 2025 N 3 (230) / Linguistics

    When identifying word-formation groups of toponyms of Artsakh, classical and modern principles of word-formation classification in toponymics are adopted as basis, particularly, Jahukyan’s approach (with consideration to some features). А) According to their structure, toponyms of Artsakh are grouped into simple and root toponyms that are classified as follows: a) genuine root toponyms, when the word root is the toponym itself; b) toponymic roots, i.e., names that are conceived as root toponyms.

    KeywordsArtsakh toponym word-formation model classification toponymic root simple compound complex

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