Historical and philological journal
PUBLISHED SINCE 1958

ԼՈՒՅՍ Է ՏԵՍՆՈՒՄ 1958 ԹՎԱԿԱՆԻՑ
Историко-филологический журнал
ИЗДАЕТСЯ С 1958 ГОДА
  • Vahan Melikyan - The Persian Armenians during the February Revolution of Russia in 1917
    16 Pages | 39-55 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-39 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-08 | Reviewed on: 2024-05-28 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / History

    The fall of the autocracy in Russia in February 1917 was the reason for significant military and political, social and economic changes in Persia and changes in the life of the Persian Armenians. In the context of the ongoing World War in Persia, the status of military and political, economic and financial control of Russia, England, Germany and the Ottoman Empire continued to dominate, and the threat of loss of the country's sovereignty was obvious. All these processes influenced all sectors of the life of Persian Armenians, in particular, social-economic and social-political.

    KeywordsPersia Persian Armenians February Revolution Tehran Tabriz Hamadan Qazvin Russia Britain Atropatene Tumanyan brothers

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  • Hrachya Baloyan - Words related to nationality and national in the language of journalism of the Armenian press (early 1990s)
    12 Pages | 189-201 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-189 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-21 | Reviewed on: 2024-02-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Linguistics

    There are numerous newly formed words related to nationality and national in the language of journalism of the Armenian press for the period from 1991 to 1993. Among the words related to nationality and national, the words consisting of the component ազգ (nation) dominate. Among the latter, there are adjectives that are composed of nation + simple noun pattern, where the noun endings express a participial meaning. Some words are formed in the pattern nation + verbal noun (with the suffix -ում (the same as -tion in English)). A number of words were formed in the pattern nation + noun (with the suffix –ություն (the same as -ity in English). We also have newly formed words composed of ազգ (nation) + adjective pattern. We have encountered only one verb with the component ազգ (nation). Some words of another kind were also composed with the suffix – ություն (the same as -ity in English). There are three words formed by the component էթն(ոս) (ethnos (ethnicity)).

    KeywordsArmenian press nation national newly formed words meaning Armenian (language) Armenian (nation) Russian.

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  • Vahe Sargsyan - Visa regime in Russian-Georgian Relations and its effects on the Armenians living in Georgia (2000–2023)
    17 Pages | 37-54 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-37 |

    Revceived on: 2024-07-23 | Reviewed on: 2024-10-18 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / History

    The visa regime, established in 2000–2023, is an integral part of Georgian-Russian post-Soviet relations, a unique litmus test that shows the level of relations between the two countries at this stage. The established visa regime, confirmed by the administration of E. Shevardnadze in 2000 and strengthened during the years of the pro-Western and pro-Turkish rule of M. Saakashvili, caused a great damage to Russian-Georgian interstate relations, trade and economic ties, as well as to spiritual, cultural, and humanitarian contacts, mutually hindering visits of the citizens to these countries and in some periods creating insurmountable obstacles.

    KeywordsRussia Georgia visa regime Russian-Georgian relations Embassy of Switzerland interests of Georgia Russian Federation Republic of Armenia Armenians living in Georgia Prague negotiations.

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  • Ruben Karapetyan - Intensification of geopolitical struggle in the South Caucasus in the context of formation of the New Middle East after the Artsakh war in 2020 (in Russ.)
    9 Pages | 222-231 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-222 |

    Revceived on: 2024-10-16 | Reviewed on: 2024-10-31 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Discussions

    The South Caucasus region historically has always been connected with the Middle East and throughout history has been an arena of struggle between world empires and regional powers. After the Artsakh war in 2020, the Middle East is much "closer" to the South Caucasus, where the Iranian-Israeli confrontation may spread. In the context of an unprecedented number of actors in the South Caucasus and a certain geopolitical vacuum that has been created, the countries of the region are forced to reconsider their previously established relations with the centers of power.

    Keywords South Caucasus New Middle East Karabakh conflict Artsakh war Russian Federation Turkey Israel Iran Arab countries Armenia collective West new world order.

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  • Ararat Hakobyan - Historical assessment of the issue of joining Eastern Armenia to Russia in the Soviet Armenian historiograph
    12 Pages | 46-58 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-46 |

    Revceived on: 2023-05-07 | Reviewed on: 2023-05-30 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / History

    In the last two centuries, in Armenian historiography, the issue of joining Eastern Armenia to Russia, due to socio-political, ideological, and sometimes simply due to propaganda expediency, was assessed differently. This event was rated from the greatest good for the Armenian people to the least of evils, down to evil. Joining Eastern Armenia to Russia and the subsequent processes of its historical fate convince us that Russian rule was objectively progressive for Armenia and Armenians.

    KeywordsEastern Armenia Russia war joining historiography Leo Treaty of Turkmenchay significance N. Ashtaraketsi Kh. Lazaryan I. Paskevich autonomy kingdom “Armenian region” assessment good.

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  • Gegham Hovhannisyan - National issues in the London periodical “New Life” (1898–1902)
    12 Pages | 59-71 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-59 |

    Revceived on: 2023-09-12 | Reviewed on: 2023-09-20 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / History

    One of the first periodicals of the Reorganized Hunchak Party, formed in 1896, was the “New Life” journal, which was published in London in 1898–1902. The issue of political education of the Armenian people was discussed on the pages of the periodical. The journal contributed to the development of the Armenian liberation movement and its effectiveness and addressed the most significant issues of the Armenian national life of the late XIX century. The issues covered on the pages of the journal were topical for Armenian reality of that historical period, especially those concerning the reassessment of the liberation movement, the role of the great European powers in the fate of the Armenian people, the importance of education and enlightenment in the national progress. The “New Life” periodical also revealed the negative phenomena in national life, rightly emphasizing that it is impossible to develop a true national policy without laying stress on them.

    Keywords: the “New Life” Arpiar Arpiaryan Reorganized Hunchak Party Ottoman Turkey ideology of the liberation movement Western Armenia Europe Russia A. Arzuyan.

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  • Mikael Martirosyan - The role of Grigor Zohrap in the conclusion of the Russian-German Agreement of 1913
    20 Pages | 72-92 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-72 |

    Revceived on: 2023-04-10 | Reviewed on: 2023-05-02 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / History

    Grigor Zohrap is one of the luminaries of the Western Armenian intelligentsia of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The concern for the plight of the Western Armenian people and the future of Armenia pushed him to social and political activities from a very young age. The high public reputation made it possible for Zohrap to be elected a deputy of the Young Turk Parliament for three times in a row, from 1908 to 1914. His political activity is a vivid example of serving his native people with unwavering dedication and political courage, which deserves admiration and gratitude.

    KeywordsGrigor Zohrap Armenian reforms the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople Russian-German compromise agreement H. Wangenheim M. Girs A. Mandelstam.

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  • Lilit Dallakyan - Comparative characteristics of South Caucasian ethno-political conflicts (1990–2020) (in Eng.)
    10 Pages | 291-301 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-291 |

    Revceived on: 2023-09-12 | Reviewed on: 2023-11-17 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / Discussions

    The collapse of the Soviet Union, which had a huge geopolitical significance in recent history, was a stimulus for the outbreak of frozen ethno-political conflicts in its territory, including in the South Caucasus. The “awakening” of the inherited from the USSR and previously hidden conflicts coincided chronologically with the period of Gorbachev's reconstruction and heated up to the maximum after the collapse of the Soviet Union and after the declaration of independence of three new states in the South Caucasus: Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the framework of the formation of the modern world order, the world power centers, in particular the Russian Federation and the USA, and the states with a regional role, were actively involved in the multi-layered vortex of the problems of Nagorno Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and naturally, pursuing their interests, they turned the processes of conflict settlement into important tool for managing the situation.

    Keywords: South Caucasian ethno-political conflicts Nagorno-Karabakh-Artsakh South Ossetia Abkhazia right of self-determination of nations Georgian-Abkhazian Georgian-South Ossetian Russian-Georgian military operations chauvinism policy peacekeeping forces international law.

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  • Mikael Martirosyan - Great national figure and philanthropist: Poghos Nubar Pasha
    22 Pages | 3-25 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.1-3 |

    Revceived on: 2021-12-06 | Reviewed on: 2021-12-21 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-03-07

    Published in: 2022 N 1 (219) / Articles, reports

    Among the Armenian national, public and political figures of the early 20th century, Poghos Nubar Pasha stands out with his patriotic activities. He was born in 1851 in Constantinople. As the son of Egyptian Prime Minister Nubar Pasha, he received a European education and began his career in France, later continuing his labour activities in Egypt. Poghos Nubar Pasha played a significant role in the national life of the Armenians of Egypt. He was the founder and lifetime honorary president of the General Armenian Benevolent Union. In 1912, the Catholicos of all Armenians, Gevorg the Fifth, appointed him head of the Armenian National Delegation in Europe.

    KeywordsPoghos Nubar Pasha Gevorg the Fifth Patriarchate of Constantinople Armenian National Delegation Armenian reforms Russian-Turkish agreement Treaty of Sevres AGBU great philanthropist national figure Marie Nubar.

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  • Anushavan Zakaryan - Yuri Veselovsky and the Armenian reality
    32 Pages | 89-121 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-89 |

    Revceived on: 2022-05-16 | Reviewed on: 2022-05-30 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-06-06

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / Literature

    This year marks the 150th anniversary of the birth of the famous Russian scientist-literary scholar, poet, translator, Armenologist, Yuri Aleksey Veselovsky – the first thorough researcher and propagandist of the history, literature and art of the Armenian people in Russia since the late 80s of the 19th century. His studies are a valuable contribution to the development of Armenology in Russia. The son of a professor at Moscow University, a talented researcher of world literature, the author of numerous articles and studies, Alexey Nikolaevich and translator Alexandra Adolfovna Veselovsky, and the nephew of Academician Alexander Nikolaevich Veselovsky – Yu. Veselovsky was born on July 6, 1872 in Moscow.

    Keywords Yu. Veselovsky Moscow Lazarian Seminary Armenian reality M. Berberyan Mkhitarist Congregation of Venice and Vienna Nor-Nakhijevan history of Armenia Armenian-Russian literrary ties theatre and playwrights S. Shahaziz A. Tsaturyan translations anniversary celebration lecture Baku “Armenian Bulletin”.

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  • Aram Abrahamyan - Observations on the historical roots of the political culture of the Armenian state (20th-21st cc.)
    13 Pages | 270-283 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-270 |

    Revceived on: 2022-04-06 | Reviewed on: 2022-04-11 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-06-02

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / Discussions

    For many centuries, Armenians lived on the territory of various empires. Historically, the closest are the periods of the Russian and Ottoman empires, as well as the Persian Empire. The political cultures of these empires had noticeable impact on the formation of culture in the Armenian state, starting from 1918. In this matter, the way of legitimizing the first person of the state is of great importance, in particular, in the Byzantine Empire, and then in the Russian empire.

    Keywords political culture Byzantine Empire Russian Empire political and legal thought legitimacy constitutionality legal awareness statehood Third Republic.

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  • Ararat Hakobyan - Historiographical assessment by academician Ashot Ioannisyan on the issues of the Russian orientation of the Armenian people
    16 Pages | 30-46 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.3-30 |

    Revceived on: 2022-07-25 | Reviewed on: 2022-09-28 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-11-09

    Published in: 2022 N 3 (221) / History

    Long-term scientific and research activity of the distinguished historian and preeminent party and government leader academician Ashot Ionnisyan (1887-1972), can be divided into two stages: pre-Soviet and Soviet. One of the important areas of his historical and scientific researches was the coverage of centuries old liberation struggle of the Armenian people that is summarized in his valuable monographs. For obvious reasons, the Soviet Armenian historiography gave an exaggerated assessment to the Russian orientation of the Armenian people, such as fateful, critical, turning point, etc. From the point of view of historical science, A. Ioannisyan's opinion and assessment put forward in his works of the pre-Soviet period appear to be more balanced and reasonable, particularly, on the issues of the Russian orientation of the Armenian people in connecttion with the activities of Israel Ori (1659-1711).

    KeywordsA. Ioannisyan Armenian people Russia Israel Ori orientation historiography assessment turning point “Excerpts” Peter the Great Ankeghakot Munich closing speech independence protector Minas vardapet indicator.

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  • Armen Marukyan - Historical and legal analysis of the Soviet-Turkish Moscow agreement of 1921 “On friendship and brotherhood”
    16 Pages | 3-19 |

    Revceived on: 2021-02-15 | Reviewed on: 2021-03-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-03-22

    Published in: 2021 N 1 (216) / Articles, reports

    In connection with the approach of the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Moscow Treaty in the media and in public circles, the topic of the alleged expiration of the validity period is being actively discussed, on the basis of which an assumption is made about the possibility of non-renewal for the next validity period of this agreement. It should be noted that the Moscow Treaty does not contain provisions on any validity periods, from which it follows that this is an open-ended contract, therefore, statements about a possible nonextension of its validity periods do not correspond to reality.

    KeywordsTreaty of Moscow Treaty of Kars Soviet Armenia Soviet Russia Turkey Soviet Azerbaijan Kars province Ardahan district of Surmalu Nakhichevan.

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  • Lilit Hovhannisyan - The Russian–Turkish cooperation and the Moscow Treaty as of March 16, 1921, according to the assessment of the Armenian historical science (1991–2020)
    26 Pages | 20-46 |

    Revceived on: 2021-03-14 | Reviewed on: 2021-04-05 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-04-08

    Published in: 2021 N 1 (216) / Articles, reports

    At present, the Armenian-Turkish state border is regulated by the Russian-Turkish “Treaty of friendship and brotherhood” signed on March 16, 1921 in Moscow. If in the Soviet Armenian historical science it was evaluated from the perspective of the political and ideological interests of the Soviet state, then the conclusions of the scientists of the Armenian Diaspora were and remain based on the national and state interests of the Armenians.

    KeywordsSoviet Russia Kemalist Turkey National covenant Russian–Turkish negotiations Moscow Treaty Armenian Question Western Armenia Kars province Surmalu district Nakhichevan Alexandropol.

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  • Vachagan Avagyan - On relations between Father Ghevond Alishan and Vladimir Stasov
    6 Pages | 172-178 |

    Revceived on: 2021-05-05 | Reviewed on: 2021-05-10 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-06-01

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    Famous Russian academician, prominent art theorist and archaeologist Vladimir Stasov (1824–1906), while studying ancient Slavonic and Eastern ornamental sculptures, in 1880 visited a number of cities in Europe and the East. In Venice he visited the Mekhitarist congregation and met Father Ghevond Alishan (1820–1901) – a prominent figure of Armenian culture. With Alishan’s assistance, Stasov studied the miniature paintings of ancient Armenian manuscripts from Mekhitarian collection.

    KeywordsFather Alishan Stasov scientist Russian Armenian culture relations correspondence study observation assessment hypothesis.

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  • Verjine Svazlyan - Relics of the oral tradition of the Artsakh Armenians emigrated to Pyatigorsk (According to the materials recorded by the author)
    14 Pages | 210-224 |

    Revceived on: 2021-03-09 | Reviewed on: 2021-03-10 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-03-30

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    In 1964, under the auspice of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia, I have a scientific trip to Pyatigorsk to study the ethnic Armenians living there. When I reached my destination, I was informed that there was a district where Armenians of Karabakh (Artsakh) lived. For me, as a folklorist-ethnographer, it was interesting to know what changes they had undergone under the conditions of coexistence with the local people, whether they remained sincere to the traditions of their cradle, etc.

    KeywordsPyatigorsk Karabakh Artsakh Russia narrator oral tradition epic lyric and saying folklore Armenian dialect.

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  • Armen Sargsyan, Shogher Minasyan - Russian-Derived Phraseological Units in the Karabakh Dialect
    16 Pages | 144-160 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.1-144 |

    Revceived on: 2025-11-14 | Reviewed on: 2026-01-11 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-03-20

    Published in: 2026 N 1(231) / Linguistics

    The borrowed words in the Karabakh dialect, when compared to their meanings in Russian, may have either retained their original meaning or undergone various semantic changes. One of the manifestations of semantic changes is the use of these borrowed words in phraseological units. The phraseological units are mainly composed of borrowed subordinate components and Armenian dominant components. Phraseological units with communicative meaning – that is, those functioning as a sentence – are relatively few; they mainly have a simple structure; one-member phraseological units are also encountered.

    KeywordsKarabakh dialect Russian vocabulary borrowing phraseological unit semantic change root affix.

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