Historical and philological journal
PUBLISHED SINCE 1958

ԼՈՒՅՍ Է ՏԵՍՆՈՒՄ 1958 ԹՎԱԿԱՆԻՑ
Историко-филологический журнал
ИЗДАЕТСЯ С 1958 ГОДА
  • Lernik Hakobyan - Daniel Varoujan: Proponent of liberty
    25 Pages | 56-81 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-56 |

    Revceived on: 2024-04-29 | Reviewed on: 2024-06-03 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Literary studies

    140 years have passed since the birth of Daniel Varoujan – one of the most eminent representatives of the Western Armenian literature. D. Varoujan was born on April 20, 1884, in the village of Prgnik, Sebastia vilayet. First, he studied at a village school, then in Constantinople, Venice and at Ghent University in Belgium. After receiving his education, he was engaged in teaching activities.

    KeywordsD. Varoujan Western Armenian literature “Shivers” “The Heart of the Race” “Pagan Songs” “The Song of the Bread” national liberation struggle.

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  • Petros Demirchyan - Yeghia Temirchipashyan as a literary critic
    24 Pages | 82-106 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-82 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-27 | Reviewed on: 2024-03-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Literary studies

    Yeghia Temirchipashyan (1851–1908) is a Western Armenian writer, philosopher, teacher, and editor. He is one of the original figures of the new Armenian literature of the second half of the XIX century; in addition to theoretical issues, in the course of his journalistic activity, naturally, he also dealt with the problems of the literary criticism. In his numerous publications of theoretical nature, Temirchipashyan thoroughly studied the issue “What is poetry”, in particular, “personal and impersonal literature”, analyzed the need for literary criticism, criteria for evaluating the contemporary literature, problems of true reflection of the modern stage of history. On the basis of all this, he expressed his attitude and appreciation of the works of the classical and modern writers.

    KeywordsYeghia Temirchipashyan: literary critic “Yerkragunt” art poetry novel soul body creative freedom.

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  • Artak Vardanyan - Relations of the Otsop-Hors subdialect with the surrounding dialects
    5 Pages | 107-112 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-107 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-03 | Reviewed on: 2024-05-06 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Linguistics

    The Otsop dialect (Otsop-Horsa), to some extent, stands out among the closely related dialects of the Jauk-Vayk interdialect (about a dozen villages of the Vayots Dzor marz of the Republic of Armenia). Phonetic, morphological and lexical deviations of the Otsop dialect from the general features of the interdialect can be explained not only by contacts with the neighboring dialects (Artsakh-Syunik dialect, interdialect of Northern Goghtn), but also by the fact that in the first half of the 19th century Armenians who migrated from Khoy and Salmast moved to the village of Otsop and lived together with the local residents, whose native dialect left its mark on some features of the autochthonous dialect.

    KeywordsJahuk-Vayk interdialect Otsop-Hors subdialect phonetic features morphological deviations lexical differences Khoy dialect Artsakh-Syunik dialect.

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  • Gayane Makhmourian - On the historical and political assessment of the Treaty of Moscow, dated march 16 (18) 1921 (in Eng.)
    24 Pages | 15-39 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-15 |

    Revceived on: 2023-12-14 | Reviewed on: 2024-03-05 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    Although officially dated 16 March 1921, the Treaty of Moscow signed by the Soviet Russia and Kemalist Turkey on 18 March 1921 exemplifies a highly politicized text which reflects the pragmatism and revolutionary zeal of the beneficiary parties. At the same time it completely ignores the funda¬mental norms of democracy and International Law. This document was concluded by the illegitimate Turkish side as evidenced by the fact that the Ottoman Empire was at that time officially ruled by the Sultan with his Cabinet in Constantinople as well as by the fact that the Kemalists referred to the National Pact (adopted by the Ottoman metropolitan Parliament on 28 January 1920) in the Article I of the Treaty of Moscow. The Kemalists emphasized this way their collaboration with the official authorities and a range of other circumstances.

    Keywords Treaty of Moscow 1921 Republic of Armenia RSFSR Kemalist Turkey Region of Kars Surmalu Nakhijevan Artsakh (Mountainous Karabakh) Azerbaijan Georgia.

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  • Artak Maghalyan - On the issue of Grigor Hasan-Jalalyan’s apostasy, Catholicos of Gandzasar
    19 Pages | 50-69 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-50 |

    Revceived on: 2023-12-08 | Reviewed on: 2023-12-27 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    In the Gavazanagirq (chronological list of Catholicoi) from Alwanq (Gandzasar) and in various chronicles, there are references to Catholicos Grigor Hasan-Jalalyan, who renounced Christianity in the 16th century. For a long time, this information remained a mystery. However, after the publication (in 1970) of the memorial records of the Gospel written by hieromonk Abraham, kept under number 33 in the library of the Amenaprkich Monastery of Nor Jugha, it became known that Catholicos Grigor was forcibly converted to Islam in 1574 by Safavid Shah Tahmasp I (1524–1576).

    KeywordsArtsakh Gandzasar Grigor Hasan-Jalalyan Catholicos Gavazanagirq (chronological list of Catholicoi) Hishatakaran (memorial record) Safavid Iran Shah Tahmasp I forced conversion assimilation policy.

  • Avetis Harutyunyan - Van province during the governorship of Hasan Tahsin (1913–1914)
    17 Pages | 70-87 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-70 |

    Revceived on: 2023-04-12 | Reviewed on: 2023-06-05 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    After the overthrow of the party Ittihat in 1913, Hassan Tahsin Bey was appointed the new governor of Van (1913–1915). Being an Ittihatian, he, unlike other Young Turks, was not an ardent nationalist. H. Tahsin had a friendly attitude towards Armenians and understood the national peculiarities of the local conditions. Thanks to his personal qualities, he managed to spread the spirit of solidarity in the province of Van and for the first time took drastic measures to settle Armenian-Kurdish relations, clean the province of Van from bandits, suppress the resistance of the rebellious sheikhs, resolve disputed land issues and improve educational work in the province.

    KeywordsVan province H. Tahsin Ittihat party land issue Armenian-Kurdish relations educational problems party life Dashnaktsutyun party N. Hoff.

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  • Susanna Hovhannisyan - Charents-Tumanyan: an unknown page of the artistic heritage of Yeghishe Charents
    16 Pages | 172-188 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-172 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-25 | Reviewed on: 2024-02-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Literary studies

    The creative and personal ties of Yeghishe Charents and Hovhannes Tumanyan were in the focus of attention of both Charents and Tumanyan scholars in the last decades of the last century. The researchers concluded that Charents' poetry is largely a continuation of Tumanyan’s literary traditions. Charents' assessments and views on Tumanyan’s place and role in the history of Armenian literature, expressed both in critical and artistic works, were significant and became the cornerstone for Tumanyan studies.

    KeywordsHovhannes Tumanyan Charents Nvard Tumanyan a draft of an unknown poem by Charents collection “Works of Art” “Dedication to Nvard”.

  • Mher Navoyan - The views of Khachatur Abovyan on national music issues
    13 Pages | 202-215 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-202 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-19 | Reviewed on: 2024-01-21 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Arts

    The views of the founder of the Eastern Armenian literary language Khachatur Abovyan about music are based on the ideas of Armenian national identity. Two of his articles, "Armenian Church and Folk Music", as well as an article addressed to the Imperial Russian Academy that has not been preserved to this day, pursued a specific and cognitive goal to identify the characteristic features of the identity of the Armenian people and introduce them to the outside world. In the history of Armenian music, these articles marked the beginning of the formation of a national worldview, the ideological foundations of which were formed under the influence of German Romanticism, and the culmination of which was the formation of the Armenian national school of composers.

    KeywordsKhachatur Abovyan Johann Benjamin Gross German Romanticism sacred song traditional musical and poetic art art of ashughs national school of composers khaz Sharakan.

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  • Tigran Aleksanyan - Observations on the issue of the Matznaberd fortress localization
    10 Pages | 234-244 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-234 |

    Revceived on: 2023-10-20 | Reviewed on: 2023-11-23 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Archaeology, ethnography

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  • Zarine Sarajyan - Hamo Sahyan: Literary portrait
    18 Pages | 98-116 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-98 |

    Revceived on: 2024-06-21 | Reviewed on: 2024-06-24 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Literary studies

    Hamo Sahyan (Hmayak Sahaki Grigoryan, 1914–1993) is an outstanding Armenian poet. His first collection of poems, entitled “On the Banks of the Vorotan”, was published in 1946. Later, he published the collections “On the Peak” (1955), “Nairyan Green Poplar” (1958), “Armenia in the Songs” (1962), “Before Sunset” 1964), “Song of the Cliffs” (1968), “Open, Sezam” (1972) etc.

    KeywordsHamo Sahyan poetry nature man worldview pantheism homeland literary relations translation art philosophy.

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  • Lusine Margaryan - An attempt to periodize the history of the toponymic system of Artsakh
    13 Pages | 117-130 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-117 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-27 | Reviewed on: 2024-06-04 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Linguistics

    The attempt to periodize the toponymic system of Artsakh is aimed at identifying historical and linguistic toponyms – realities and regularities of development of their system based on the analysis of historical and linguistic facts. Periodization is carried out on the basis of three principles: 1. The principle of the history of the toponymic system is the history of all its separate stages. 2. The principle of impossibility of absolute periodization. 3. The principle of the direct connection between the emergence of toponyms and their change in parallel with the history of the nation.

    Keywordstoponymy of Artsakh historical periodization elements of substrate linguistic impact renaming influence of historical and political processes.

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  • Armen Sargsyan, Shogher Minasyan - Lavrenti Hovhannisyan’s research on the dialect of Karabakh (Artsakh)
    12 Pages | 131-143 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-131 |

    Revceived on: 2024-07-24 | Reviewed on: 2024-07-29 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Linguistics

    Lavrenti Hovhannisyan, contemporary Armenian linguist, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, has authored a series of scientific works dedicated to the Karabakh dialect. In his works, he has examined the archaic phonetical, lexical, and grammatical features of the dialect in order to prove the existence of the Armenian population in Artsakh since ancient times. Among the most characteristic phonetic phenomena, he highlights the deafening of the initial voiced consonants in Classical Armenian, in some cases aspiration and palatalization of these consonants, which he does not associate with Turkic influence, the absence of the “f” sound and the presence of oxytonic stress.

    KeywordsKarabakh (Artsakh) dialect L. Hovhannisyan Classical Armenian Iranian languages phonetic system lexis grammatical system loanwords etymology archaisms.

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  • Ruben Karapetyan - Intensification of geopolitical struggle in the South Caucasus in the context of formation of the New Middle East after the Artsakh war in 2020 (in Russ.)
    9 Pages | 222-231 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-222 |

    Revceived on: 2024-10-16 | Reviewed on: 2024-10-31 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Discussions

    The South Caucasus region historically has always been connected with the Middle East and throughout history has been an arena of struggle between world empires and regional powers. After the Artsakh war in 2020, the Middle East is much "closer" to the South Caucasus, where the Iranian-Israeli confrontation may spread. In the context of an unprecedented number of actors in the South Caucasus and a certain geopolitical vacuum that has been created, the countries of the region are forced to reconsider their previously established relations with the centers of power.

    Keywords South Caucasus New Middle East Karabakh conflict Artsakh war Russian Federation Turkey Israel Iran Arab countries Armenia collective West new world order.

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  • Lusine Sahakyan - Vahagn Dadryan – The outstanding researcher of the Armenian Genocide
    30 Pages | 3-33 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-3 |

    Revceived on: 2023-01-27 | Reviewed on: 2023-03-06 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / History

    Prominent historian Vahagn Dadryan’s contribution to the study of the Armenian Genocide is highly valuable. Applying the latest historical-comparative and interdisciplinary methods, Dadryan discovered and introduced numerous archival documents into scientific circulation. Proceeding from theoretical statements put forward by different scientific disciplines, the scholar proposed and analyzed new problems and aspects of the Armenian Genocide, and the results of his investigations published on various academic and socio-political platforms, have always attracted the attention of academic circles.

    KeywordsVahagn Dadryan Armenian Genocide exile Armenia Artsakh Diaspora Ottoman Empire sociology criminalistics victimology document press.

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  • Yeva Mnatsakanyan - Some observations on H. Tumanyan’s unfinished drama “Artavazd”
    15 Pages | 96-111 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-96 |

    Revceived on: 2023-02-15 | Reviewed on: 2023-02-25 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / Literature

    On the basis of the manuscripts and other materials preserved in the archives of Tumanyan, one can make a rough idea of the tendency of the drama “Artavazd”, of its possible plot, ideology, psychological developments of the author, and symbols. By means of a comparative examination, not only several essential characteristics of the typological differentiation of Artavazd myth are highlighted, but possible hypotheses for revealing the contextual sub-layers of H. Tumanyan’s “Artavazd” drama are also suggested. While studying the issue, we applied the comparative, historical-comparative, interpretive methods, pointing out and analyzing the basis of tragical conflict between Artashes and Artavazd and the key features in Tumanyan’s notes and in the article “On the section of “Tenchair Satenik” by Khorenatsi”.

    Keywords H. Tumanyan M. Khorenatsi legend Artashes Artavazd Satenik unfinished drama notes mythological map envy longing psychological domain.

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  • Marine Sargsyan - Avetik Isahakyan’s “little Tragedies”
    15 Pages | 112-127 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-112 |

    Revceived on: 2022-10-06 | Reviewed on: 2022-12-26 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / Literature

    became an exceptional life experience, creative reflection of which are the short stories of “One Week With a Convict”, “Kurd Amo” and “Bayram Ali”. Born from the creative idea of “From Рrison Мemories”, they turned into multilayered “little tragedies”. Perfected and revised by the author, wise with vast life experience, they in a certain way crystallized eternal conflicts that occur in different planes of nature and human existence. Inside – between the consciousness and unconsciousness, outside – between the worlds created by nature and created by man, between the inner and outer, as well as several basic tragedies of the destruction of man, the individual, resulting from these conflicts and in addition, derivative-adjacent tragedies of human involvement and non-involvement in human suffering. Moreover, all these tragedies are panhuman and eternal.

    KeywordsAvetik Isahakyan artistic prose creative project memoir short story prison cross tragedy microworld macroworld key idea humanistic world view.

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  • Gayane Makhmourian - The French policy in the Republic of Armenia and Transcaucasia in 1920 (in Eng.)
    19 Pages | 80-99 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.2-80 |

    Revceived on: 2023-03-14 | Reviewed on: 2023-03-21 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-06-19

    Published in: 2023 N 2 (223) / History

    In 1920, the French policy implemented in the Republic of Armenia and in the whole of Transcaucasia was essentially different from the trends that had prevailed in 1919. Thus, in May of 1919, at the Paris Peace Conference, the French Prime Minister G. Clemenceau vividly asserted political rights of his country in Cilicia and actively discussed the future shape of the Armenian-Turkish border with the head of the British cabinet D. Lloyd George as well as with US President W. Wilson. G. Clemenceau entered into temporary alliances and strived to resist British pressure linked to this matter. He expressed his displeasure with the British Army which was taking all decisions on the spot unilaterally.

    KeywordsRepublic of Armenia France Turkey Transcaucasia Foreign Policy A. Millerand G. Leygues Treaty of Sevres 1920 High Commissioner D. de Martel RSFSR.

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  • Anushavan Zakaryan - David Ananun and Hovhannes Tumanyan: Litarary and public relations
    26 Pages | 175-201 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.2-175 |

    Revceived on: 2023-04-18 | Reviewed on: 2023-05-26 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-06-19

    Published in: 2023 N 2 (223) / Philosophy

    Armenologist David Ananun [David Hovhanovich (Hovhannesovich) Ter-Danielyan, 1880-1943] is a distinguished representative of Armenian social-political, literary and cultural reality of the first thirty years of the XX century. Throughout all his substantive activity he maintained close ties with many representatives of the Armenian reality of that time. His literary and public relations of extremely wide vector with the poet of all Armenians Hovhannes Tumanyan are of particular interest.

    KeywordsD. Ananun H. Tumanyan letters Caucasian society of Armenian writers newspaper “Mshak” articles Commission of inquiry biweekly newspaper “Cooperation of Armenia” quatrians.

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  • Gegham Hovhannisyan - National issues in the London periodical “New Life” (1898–1902)
    12 Pages | 59-71 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-59 |

    Revceived on: 2023-09-12 | Reviewed on: 2023-09-20 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / History

    One of the first periodicals of the Reorganized Hunchak Party, formed in 1896, was the “New Life” journal, which was published in London in 1898–1902. The issue of political education of the Armenian people was discussed on the pages of the periodical. The journal contributed to the development of the Armenian liberation movement and its effectiveness and addressed the most significant issues of the Armenian national life of the late XIX century. The issues covered on the pages of the journal were topical for Armenian reality of that historical period, especially those concerning the reassessment of the liberation movement, the role of the great European powers in the fate of the Armenian people, the importance of education and enlightenment in the national progress. The “New Life” periodical also revealed the negative phenomena in national life, rightly emphasizing that it is impossible to develop a true national policy without laying stress on them.

    Keywords: the “New Life” Arpiar Arpiaryan Reorganized Hunchak Party Ottoman Turkey ideology of the liberation movement Western Armenia Europe Russia A. Arzuyan.

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  • Lilit Dallakyan - Comparative characteristics of South Caucasian ethno-political conflicts (1990–2020) (in Eng.)
    10 Pages | 291-301 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-291 |

    Revceived on: 2023-09-12 | Reviewed on: 2023-11-17 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / Discussions

    The collapse of the Soviet Union, which had a huge geopolitical significance in recent history, was a stimulus for the outbreak of frozen ethno-political conflicts in its territory, including in the South Caucasus. The “awakening” of the inherited from the USSR and previously hidden conflicts coincided chronologically with the period of Gorbachev's reconstruction and heated up to the maximum after the collapse of the Soviet Union and after the declaration of independence of three new states in the South Caucasus: Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the framework of the formation of the modern world order, the world power centers, in particular the Russian Federation and the USA, and the states with a regional role, were actively involved in the multi-layered vortex of the problems of Nagorno Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and naturally, pursuing their interests, they turned the processes of conflict settlement into important tool for managing the situation.

    Keywords: South Caucasian ethno-political conflicts Nagorno-Karabakh-Artsakh South Ossetia Abkhazia right of self-determination of nations Georgian-Abkhazian Georgian-South Ossetian Russian-Georgian military operations chauvinism policy peacekeeping forces international law.

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  • Anna Asatryan - Hovhannes Nalbandyan: the first great Armenian violinist
    22 Pages | 26-48 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.1-26 |

    Revceived on: 2022-02-21 | Reviewed on: 2022-03-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-03-10

    Published in: 2022 N 1 (219) / Articles, reports

    Outstanding violinist and pedagogue, Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1926), Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR (1937) Hovhannes Romanovich Nalbandyan (Hovhannes Arakelovich, 1871–1942) is the brightest symbol of Armenian-Russian musical ties. Born in Simferopol (Crimea), he lived and acted in St. Petersburg for many years. The northern capital of Russia became his second homeland. A graduate of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, Professor H. R. Nalbandyan taught for 47 years at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, and then at the Leningrad Conservatory. Through Nalbandyan, the connection between the Auer violin school and the Soviet violin art was realized.

    KeywordsHovhannes Nalbandyan artist virtuoso violinist pedagogue St. Petersburg Conservatory memoirs P. Sarasate L. Auer.

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  • Petros Demirchyan - Collecting and ethnographic activities of Garegin Srvandztyants
    9 Pages | 122-131 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.1-118 |

    Revceived on: 2022-01-20 | Reviewed on: 2022-03-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-03-09

    Published in: 2022 N 1 (219) / Articles, reports

    Bishop Garegin Srvandztyants (1840–1892) is one of the most merited representatives of the Armenian people, both as a devoted national-public figure and as an incomparable philologist, folklore collector and ethnographer. The most important part of his activity is a series of collections, which are the result of a diligent collection оf over a decade (1874–1884) of folk tales and traditions and wealthy ethnographic materials. The name of G. Srvandztyants is associated, in particular, with the identification, recording and publication of the first version of the Armenian national epic “Sasna Tsrer” – “David of Sassoun or Mher’s Door”.

    KeywordsGaregin Srvandztyants philologist folklore collector ethnographer “Toros Aghpar” “David of Sassoun or Mher’s Door” Arabkir city art culture Matenadaran.

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  • Artsvik Suvaryan - Grammatical typology of subject and resultative participles of modern literary Eastern Armenian and German languages
    11 Pages | 189-200 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.1-185 |

    Revceived on: 2021-09-25 | Reviewed on: 2021-12-16 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-01-21

    Published in: 2022 N 1 (219) / Articles, reports

    Subject participles of modern German and literary Eastern Armenian maintain the uniformity of composition. Resultative participle of German, due to the peculiarities of the verb, appears in two different forms of composition, by revealing certain peculiarities over composition of the Resultative participle in the Armenian language. Resultative participle is closely connected with the German verb system. Being one of the three main forms of the verb, it participates in the composition of compound finite tense forms and the Simple Past.

    Keywords grammatical typology Armenian and German languages Subject and Resultative Participles simultaneity pre-tense conditions active-passive voice literary Eastern Armenian Western Armenian resultative+ եմ/էի construction circumstantial functions.

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  • Ruben Sahakyan - Hovhannes Ter-Martirosyan (A-Do)
    24 Pages | 9-33 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-9 |

    Revceived on: 2022-03-30 | Reviewed on: 2022-05-17 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-06-09

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / History

    Public-political figure Hovhannes Ter-Martirosyan, known under the pseudonym A-Do, was born on January 4, 1867 in Nor Bayazet town. Here he received his primary education. In 1881 he moved to Yerevan where he graduated from a diocesan school and later studied at the Kharkov University (1905), at the St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Institute (1907). A-Do was an eyewitness to the Russian Revolution (1905-1907), the Armenian-Tartar clashes (1905-1906). He thoroughly studied the causes of the clashes and wrote a special work on the conflict ‒ “Armenian-Turkish clash of 1905-1906” (1907).

    KeywordsA-Do Nor Bayаzet Yerevan Dashnaktsutyun Armenian-Tartar clashes Artsakh Van Rostom Aram Manukyan Nikol Aghbalyan February Revolution Salmast Sardarapat Garegin Nzhdeh.

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  • Henrik Khachatryan - The nakharar (princely) domаins of Armenian marzpanate (V-VI cc. AD) (in Russ.)
    15 Pages | 47-62 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-47 |

    Revceived on: 2022-02-28 | Reviewed on: 2022-03-09 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-05-31

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / History

    In 428 AD, the Persian king Vram V Gor (420/421-438/439 AD), by the agreement of most of Armenian nakharars, abolished the Arsacid kingdom (66-428 AD) in Armenia. After that, up to the 630s AD, Armenia turns into a Persian border administrative unit – marzpanate. Armenia, although had the status of marzpanate, it still retained internal autonomy in the basis of the nakharar system. The Armenian princes-nakharars remained the hereditary landowners of their territories. The nakhararutyun (principality) was ruled by the nakharar, who was the hereditary landowner of his territory and the nahapet or tanuter of his clan. In the Arshakuni and later in marzpanian Armenia, the lands were owned by three groups 1) the king (after 428 AD – the Sasanian king), 2) the church, 3) the nakharars. The principalities of the marzpanian period was quantitatively inferior to the royal one.

    KeywordsArmenian marzpanate nakharars Sasanians nakharar domains Mamikonyans Bagratunis Syunis Artsakh “Gahnamak”.

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  • Vachagan Avagyan - An overview of Archag Tchobanian’s life and activity
    25 Pages | 63-88 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-63 |

    Revceived on: 2022-05-26 | Reviewed on: 2022-05-27 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-06-01

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / Literature

    Writer, editor-publicist, philologist, translator and public figure Archag Tchobanian (1872-1954) is one of the prominent representatives of Armenian culture. He had written since the early years, publishing his own or translated works in various Western-Armenian periodicals. In 1895 he edited the “Dzaghig” semi-monthly newspaper. In the same year, avoiding persecutions by the Turkish authorities, he moved to Paris, where he published the literary and artistic magazine “Anahit”. He composed in all literary genres. His works are characterized by the desire to overcome the one-sidedness of romantic poetry, to express the living features of reality.

    KeywordsArchag Tchobanian biography Paris “Anahit” editor writer art literary critic translator politics national liberation struggle Armenian issue patriotism.

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  • Heriknaz Vorskanyan - Medieval riddles on the topics of Armenian history
    22 Pages | 140-162 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-140 |

    Revceived on: 2022-05-04 | Reviewed on: 2022-05-11 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-05-26

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / Literature

    The first author who wrote riddles on the theme of the Armenian history was the well-known author of medieval Armenian literature, Catholicos Nerses Shnorhali (XII c.). He thematically grouped riddles. The historical figures of the first group of his riddles are connected with the themes of Armenian history of the pre-Christian period and of the fourth century. They are endowed with mythical power and form the mighty strength and spirit of the people. The second group of riddles includes prominent figures associated with the Christianity and culture, who began and paved the way for the Enlightenment and spiritual and moral growth of the people.

    Keywords personal-writing riddles A. Mnatsakanyan N. Shnorhali Arme¬nian history Tiratur vardapet (archimandrite) Hovh. Tsortsoretsi Anonymous Agatangeghos Buzand Khorenatsi Artsruni Gandzaketsi.

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  • Vardan Alexanyan - Armenian church in the period of restoration of the internal autonomy of Armenia (First half of the 9th century)
    22 Pages | 62-84 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.3-62 |

    Revceived on: 2022-06-21 | Reviewed on: 2022-06-23 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-11-09

    Published in: 2022 N 3 (221) / History

    In the VIII-IX centuries, feudal landownership, which constituted the economic basis of the Armenian Church, underwent structural changes. Newly built monasteries form their infrastructure and acquire large plots of land. In the context of interfaith disputes and attacks from Islam, the church strengthens its theoretical foundations and creates its own legislation. A clear definition of the ritual-religious and theological principles of the Armenian Church contributes to the development of awareness of national and religious identity.

    KeywordsArmenian church Arab rulers monastery religious persecution Bagarat Bagratuni David II Kakaghetsi Hovhannes IV Ovaetsi Mutavaqqil apostasy rebellion Tondrakian movement martyrdom.

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  • Ariadna Harutyunyan - The poem “On Labor” by Ghunkianos Karnetsi
    10 Pages | 133-143 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.3-133 |

    Revceived on: 2022-04-05 | Reviewed on: 2022-07-06 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-11-09

    Published in: 2022 N 3 (221) / Literature

    The poem by minstrel-singer of the transitional period in the development of Armenian literature - Ghunkianos Karnetsi (1781/1786-1841), “On Labor” has a cognitive meaning. One of the features of minstrel poetry is the periodic repetition in each line and stanza of a word or phrase as a semantic unit, emphasizing the meaning and essence of this poem. Here the word «դատել» means “to work”, “to labor”.

    Keywordsjustice greed thoughtful and instructive minstrel art refrain-ending “datil” secular spirit biblical commandment laziness ignorance.

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  • Viktor Katvalyan - About the Hadrut dialect
    10 Pages | 144-154 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.3-144 |

    Revceived on: 2022-06-27 | Reviewed on: 2022-06-30 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-11-09

    Published in: 2022 N 3 (221) / Linguistics

    Hadrut is located in the south of the Republic of Artsakh, it was one of the regional centers of the NKAO. Before the occupation by Azerbaijan, the Hadrut region had 1 urban and 28 rural communities with 41 rural settlements. At present, the people of Hadrut have found refuge in different settlements of the Republic of Armenia deprived of the opportunity to return to their homeland: another unique dialect of Armenian is in danger of extinction.

    KeywordsHadrut dialect Karabakh dialect Ս (S) branch phonetic features grammatical features dialect communities analytical forms pronouns participle continuative tenses.

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  • Henrik Hovhannisyan - The Pygmalion myth and the perpetuity of a work of art
    15 Pages | 166-181 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.3-166 |

    Revceived on: 2022-10-28 | Reviewed on: 2022-11-03 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-11-09

    Published in: 2022 N 3 (221) / Art

    In its further literary interpretations (“Metamorphoses”, by Ovid) the ancient Greek myth of Pygmalion, the sculptor, symbolizes the true inspiration of an artist and the one who apperceives the work of art. The transformation of the marble statue is a clear allegory which drives the reader to various reflections on the metaphysics of a work of art and the external reality. The issue is highly contradictory.

    Keywordsallegory nature drama aesthetic modus theme prototype harmony work of art form vs matter.

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  • Vahe Sargsyan - The last Artsakh war, Georgia, new transit projects and the end of the RA blockade process
    16 Pages | 47-63 |

    Revceived on: 2021-03-11 | Reviewed on: 2021-03-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-03-30

    Published in: 2021 N 1 (216) / Articles, reports

    Throughout the Artsakh war, which lasted from September 27 to November 9, 2020, Georgian official circles made statements about maintaining neutrality. The reliable tidings that not only Turkish and Israeli military equipment, but also terrorist groups from Syria were being transported to Azerbaijan through Georgian airspace were also denied. Nevertheless, various platforms persistently talked about the continuity of the transportation of military equipment to Azerbaijan by cargo planes of the Azerbaijani “Silk Way West Airlines” company, which is authorized to transport military cargo (which Georgian officials called “humanitarian” or “civilian” flights).

    KeywordsGeorgia Artsakh war neutrality airspace cargo planes tripartite declaration unblocking of transport communications Kars-Igdir-Nakhichevan railway blockade Turkish-Azerbaijani great-power interests.

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  • Astghik Israelian - The votive offerings of the 18th-20th cc. of the History Museum of Armenia (in Russ.)
    13 Pages | 111-124 |

    Revceived on: 2021-02-12 | Reviewed on: 2021-02-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-03-12

    Published in: 2021 N 1 (216) / Articles, reports

    The ethnographic collections kept in the History Museum of Armenia contain items that shed light on certain features of the people’s traditions, beliefs and rituals. The museum has samples of votive offerings to saints which differ from the usual oblations. These are covenant gifts, which people took to sanctuaries (church, monastery, chapel, khachkar, sacred tree, a house where there was a sacred corner) to seek help from the saints, to fulfill their desires.

    Keywordsvow offering sanctuary healing gratitude iron human figurine parts of body torc cross.

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  • Yervand Grekyan - “The crisis of the 7th century BC” and the problem of formation of the Median Empire
    26 Pages | 192-218 |

    Revceived on: 2021-01-13 | Reviewed on: 2021-01-27 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-04-07

    Published in: 2021 N 1 (216) / Discussions

    Тhe 7th c. BC is considered as the period of formation and rise of the Median Empire. Meantime, economic crises, political instability, ethnic migrations, decline in military power, foreign invasions and, eventually, collapse of ancient state structures and depopulation were observed in the Armenian Highland and in Mesopotamia in the same period. These phenomena have usually occurred in the dramatic periods of the history of ancient Near East and, as a rule, were conditioned by climate change-related problems.

    KeywordsMedian Empire Iranian Plateau Assyria Urartu palaeoenvironment climate changes crisis ethnic migrations depopulation.

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  • Gayane Makhmourian - Tragedy of Shushi on March 23–26, 1920, as exposed in domestic and foreign historiography (in Russ.)
    21 Pages | 112-133 |

    Revceived on: 2021-03-31 | Reviewed on: 2021-04-07 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-06-07

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    On March 23, 1920, Turkish-Azerbaijani troops with the Moslem dwellers profited of the preemptive strike, undertook by the small detachment under plenipotentiary of the ARFD Bureau Arsen Mikayelian, and fulfilled a massacre of the Shushi Armenians with a burning the city down. This events are testified in the memoirs of the witnesses together with great amount of archival material. The total destruction of Shushi is elucidated by historians of the Republic of Armenia, as well as by Diaspora and foreign specialists.

    Keywords Shushi March 23–26 1920 Mountainous Karabakh Artsakh 8th Congress of Karabakh Armenians self-defense insurrection preemptive strike historiography.

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  • David Gasparyan - The border of history and art (According to the novel “The White Horseman” by Hamastegh)
    21 Pages | 150-171 |

    Revceived on: 2021-04-22 | Reviewed on: 2021-04-27 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-05-10

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    The novel “The White Horseman” without Chapters 3 and 4 was published in “Hayrenik” magazine of Boston (1931, №. 7, 1933, №. 12) and then in a separate book in Los Angeles (vols. 1–2, 1952), in one volume in Yerevan (2016). The time included in the novel is the 1890s. This is a novel with a historical-political program, but it is not a historical novel. There are historical hidden figures among the heroes: Cherchi Kiros – Hrayr Dzhoghk (Armenak Ghazaryan (1864–1904), Malkhas – Gevorg Chaush (Gevorg Ghazaryan) (1870–1907)), Nairyan – the conventional image of an ideological leader. The novel has a cer¬tain ideological orientation: shortly after the Genocide, the loss of the homeland, it tries to instill in the people the spirit of victory, even the dream of victory.

    Keywords Hamastegh “The White Horseman” Martik Cherchi Kiros Berdak Vardadzor fedayi liberation war Armenian Kurdish Turkish homeland struggle heroes victory.

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  • Susanna Hovhannisyan - The poet’s daughter: newly revealed pages from the Tumanyan’s family archive
    15 Pages | 179-194 |

    Revceived on: 2021-04-16 | Reviewed on: 2021-05-12 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-06-18

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    Among the ten children of Hovhannes Tumanyan Nvard Tu¬manyan (1892–1957) stood out for her role in the Armenian cultural and social life and especially for her contribution to the Tumanyan studies, whose life and work are remarkable and interesting not only because she was the daughter of the great poet, but also for her being a bright personality, literary scholar, devotee of Armenian culture.

    KeywordsNvard Tumanyan Ye. Charents H. Acharyan S. Gorodetsky Av. Isahakyan V. Teryan M. Vardazaryan Hovnanyan gymnasium diaries me¬moirs poetry dedicated to Nvard “The Novice (Mtsyri)” translation influence literary “Quartette” “Thursdays”.

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  • Verjine Svazlyan - Relics of the oral tradition of the Artsakh Armenians emigrated to Pyatigorsk (According to the materials recorded by the author)
    14 Pages | 210-224 |

    Revceived on: 2021-03-09 | Reviewed on: 2021-03-10 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-03-30

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    In 1964, under the auspice of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia, I have a scientific trip to Pyatigorsk to study the ethnic Armenians living there. When I reached my destination, I was informed that there was a district where Armenians of Karabakh (Artsakh) lived. For me, as a folklorist-ethnographer, it was interesting to know what changes they had undergone under the conditions of coexistence with the local people, whether they remained sincere to the traditions of their cradle, etc.

    KeywordsPyatigorsk Karabakh Artsakh Russia narrator oral tradition epic lyric and saying folklore Armenian dialect.

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  • Murad Ohanyan - The heirs to the orders of administration of the Achaemenids
    27 Pages | 238-265 |

    Revceived on: 2021-01-28 | Reviewed on: 2021-02-12 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-05-17

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Discussions

    The administration orders and structures of the Parthian and Sasanian powers are almost exactly repeating the models of Achaemenid governance. Various evidence and facts have been preserved about that, especially about the Sasanian power. According to them, this power was divided into five administrative-territorial units with “Center + 4 peripheral regions” principle.

    KeywordsAchaemenid power Parthian power Sasanian power Darius I Ardashir I Shapur I Elam Kul-e Farah Sumer Urnanshe Greater Armenia Tigran the Great Bundahišn “Armenian geography” spahbed pitiaxae.

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  • Ashot Melkonyan - Jalal Ter-Grigoryan: Javakhk’s son of Artsakh
    11 Pages | 60-71 | DOI: Doi.10.52853/01350536-2021.3-60 |

    Revceived on: 2021-11-02 | Reviewed on: 2021-11-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-11-23

    Published in: 2021 N 3 (218) / Articles, reports

    Artsakh is known for its figures who had a significant role in the development of the educational and cultural life of Armenians in big and small cities of various regions of Armenia, Transcaucasia and Europe. Unfortunately, the activities of representatives of the Artsakh intelligentsia in provincial cities are still poorly known. Among such figures is Jalal Ter-Grigoryan (the literary pseudonym of Sallyumyan) who for many years led public, pedagogical and literary activities in Javakhk.

    KeywordsArtsakh Javakhk Jalal Ter-Grigoryan (Sallyumyan) “Vernatun”.

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  • Yervand Grekyan - Storage and redistribution of grain reserves in the kingdom of Urartu
    24 Pages | 203-227 | DOI: Doi.10.52853/01350536-2021.3-203 |

    Revceived on: 2021-09-06 | Reviewed on: 2021-09-30 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-11-16

    Published in: 2021 N 3 (218) / Discussions

    The kingdom of Urartu (Biainili, 9th–7th centuries BC) was an ancient Near Eastern state with redistributive economy. According to the preserved written and archaeological data, the large granaries and cellars built by the royal power in the main cities/administrative centres of Urartu, could store tens of thousands of tons of grain and provide with food ca. 100–150 thousand people throughout a year.

    KeywordsUrartian kingdom palace-temple economy cuneiform inscriptions archaeological sources grain reserves daily ration redistribution.

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  • Marine Sargsyan - Vahan Teryan: cultural and political figure
    30 Pages | 73-103 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.1-73 |

    Revceived on: 2025-03-24 | Reviewed on: 2025-03-26 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-03-27

    Published in: 2025 N 1 (228) / Literary studies

    Vahan Teryan, one of the pillars of the Armenian literature and culture of the XX century, was born on January 28, 1885 in the village of Gandza in the Akhalkalaki province (now Georgia). He received his primary education at the rural and Akhalkalaki city schools and then he continued his studies in Tiflis. From 1899 to 1906, Teryan studied at the gymnasium of the Lazarev Seminary in Moscow. From 1906 to 1912, he studied at the department of Russian Language and Russian Literature of the Historical and Philological Faculty of Moscow University and from 1913 to 1916, he was a student at the faculty of Oriental Languages at St. Petersburg University.

    KeywordsVahan Teryan poetic series artistic system symbolism publicistics cultural-political concept political and state activity dialogue of cultures.

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  • Armine Tigranyan - Azerbaijan’s policy of destruction and appropriation of the cultural heritage of the Armenians of Artsakh in the context of violation of cultural rights (in Eng.)
    33 Pages | 195-228 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.1-195 |

    Revceived on: 2024-09-11 | Reviewed on: 2024-11-24 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-03-27

    Published in: 2025 N 1 (228) / Cultural studies

    The war unleashed by Azerbaijan against Artsakh on September 27, 2020, and the subsequent developments (the transfer of Artsakh’s historical territory under Azerbaijan’s control and the complete depopulation of Artsakh of its Armenian population) demonstrate that the systematic destruction of Armenian heritage has directly violated the cultural rights of the Armenians of Artsakh–depriving them of the ability to preserve and pass on their heritage to future generations. These destructions continue to this day on an alarming scale, deepening the crisis and erasing the Armenian presence in Artsakh.

    KeywordsArtsakh Armenian cultural heritage cultural rights Azerbaijan heritage destruction appropriation forced displacement․

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  • Vahe Sargsyan - Coverage of Javakhk Armenians’ life on the pages of “Javakhk” montly newspaper (In the early 1990s)
    21 Pages | 51-72 |

    Revceived on: 2025-05-15 | Reviewed on: 2025-06-24 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-07-11

    Published in: 2025 N 2 (229) / History

    “Javakhk” newspaper, founded by the “Javakhk” people’s movement, was published in Akhalkalaki from 1990 to 1998. Although the newspaper was published with irregular periodicity and in limited circulation, it served as a platform for spreading new ideas in the social and political life of the Javakhk Armenians in the period of the collapse of the USSR and the first years of the independence of Georgia.

    KeywordsCollapse of the USSR Georgia Javakhk Armenians “Javakhk” people’s movement “Javakhk” monthly newspaper support for Artsakh.

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  • Susanna Hovhannisyan - History in the unfinished works of Hovhannes Tumanyan (historical dramas and stories)
    12 Pages | 124-136 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.2-124 |

    Revceived on: 2025-01-20 | Reviewed on: 2025-02-13 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-07-11

    Published in: 2025 N 2 (229) / Literary studies

    The historical and philosophical worldview of Hovhannes Tumanyan is reflected in his unfinished works, which have yet to become a subject of scientific study, although, in 2022, they were published in the 5th volume of the poet's “Complete Collection of Works”. Critical comprehension of Tumanyan’s historical perspectives holds true significance, driven by the intensification of security issues in recent years and the ongoing war of external forces against the Armenian people and their statehood.

    KeywordsHovhannes Tumanyan history of Armenia historical dramas fall of Ani “Artavazd II” “King Hovhannes” (or “Smbat II”) “Impressions of War”.

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  • Garegin Tumanyan - Sepulchres in Artsakh with scythian cultural characteristics
    14 Pages | 247-261 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.2-247 |

    Revceived on: 2025-04-25 | Reviewed on: 2025-04-29 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-07-11

    Published in: 2025 N 2 (229) / Archaeology and Ethnography

    The fact of the former presence of Scythian tribes in the east of the Armenian Highland has long attracted the attention of researchers. In all likelihood, the Gandzak plain in the Utik province of Greater Armenia, which the Armenians called Shakashen, was one of the places of concentration of Scythian tribes that penetrated into Transcaucasia. A century ago, it was believed, that some burial mounds in the Artsakh province, bordering this region, were built by the Scythians.

    KeywordsArtsakh sepulchre burial ground deceased horse bridle characteristic Scythian arrowhead.

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  • Mikayel Badalyan - Unknown script signs from the Urartian Tomb of Yerevan (in Eng.)
    15 Pages | 25-40 | DOI: DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2025.3-25 |

    Revceived on: 2025-11-16 | Reviewed on: 2025-11-24 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-11-17

    Published in: 2025 N 3 (230) / History

    The Urartian (Biainian) tomb of Yerevan is situated in the capital city of the Republic of Armenia, within the area now occupied by “Yerevan Mall”. Discovered in 1984 during construction activities, it has since been the subject of detailed archaeological investigation. Although several comprehensive studies have been devoted to the monument, none have addressed the engraved symbols found on one of the façade stones near the entrance and on two tuff fragments uncovered in close proximity to the façade.

    KeywordsUrartu Urartian tomb of Yerevan Etiuni Achaemenid cuneiform unknown script Armenia cryptography.

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  • Anushavan Zakaryan, David Gasparyan - Yeghishe Charents in Arshak Chopanian’s Assessment
    12 Pages | 124-136 | DOI: DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2025.3-124 |

    Revceived on: 2025-09-23 | Reviewed on: 2025-10-21 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-11-17

    Published in: 2025 N 3 (230) / Literary studies

    Arshak Chobanyan (1872–1954) – a writer, literary scholar, critic and a pub¬lisher – was a unique figure in the Armenian literary life. It is worth noting his respect for Charents (1897–1937) and his art. In his numerous reviews and articles published in the journal “Anahit” and in the weekly “Apaga”, Chobanyan highly appreciated Charents as a poet of national and pan-European value emphasizing his poetic innovation, which was reflected in creating innovative characters and forms.

    KeywordsCharents Chobanyan Makintsyan “Anahit” journal “Apaga” weekly Paris letter article Yerevan assessment

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  • Lusine Margaryan - Word-formation models of Artsakh toponyms
    11 Pages | 158-169 | DOI: DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2025.3-158 |

    Revceived on: 2025-07-17 | Reviewed on: 2025-08-04 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-11-17

    Published in: 2025 N 3 (230) / Linguistics

    When identifying word-formation groups of toponyms of Artsakh, classical and modern principles of word-formation classification in toponymics are adopted as basis, particularly, Jahukyan’s approach (with consideration to some features). А) According to their structure, toponyms of Artsakh are grouped into simple and root toponyms that are classified as follows: a) genuine root toponyms, when the word root is the toponym itself; b) toponymic roots, i.e., names that are conceived as root toponyms.

    KeywordsArtsakh toponym word-formation model classification toponymic root simple compound complex

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  • Aelita Dolukhanyan - Significance of Saint-Martin’s Valuable Legacy in Armenian Studies
    17 Pages | 49-66 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.1-49 |

    Revceived on: 2026-02-24 | Reviewed on: 2026-03-05 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-03-20

    Published in: 2026 N 1(231) / Literary studies

    A.-J. Saint-Martin (1791–1832) is the founder of not only French but also European scientific Armenian studies. The two volumes of the monumental work “Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l’Arménie”, published in 1818 and 1819, compelled European Orientalists to turn their attention to Armenia – to the rich literature and history of the country that was the first in the East to adopt Christianity at the state level. Knowledge of the history and literature of Armenia presented a universal value.

    KeywordsSaint-Martin Arsacids Byuzand Khorenatsi Aygektsi Martiros Yerznkatsi S. Orbelian Hripsime Mkhitarists Armenian historians.

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