Historical and philological journal
PUBLISHED SINCE 1958

ԼՈՒՅՍ Է ՏԵՍՆՈՒՄ 1958 ԹՎԱԿԱՆԻՑ
Историко-филологический журнал
ИЗДАЕТСЯ С 1958 ГОДА
  • Anahit Astoyan - The economic activity of the armenians of constantinople (End of the 19th century – beginning of the 20th century) (in Eng.)
    22 Pages | 5-27 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-3 |

    Revceived on: 2023-10-12 | Reviewed on: 2024-03-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / History

    For centuries, the ruling element in the Ottoman Empire, the Turks, were engaged only in the administration of the country, leaving the economic field to the Christians of the country. Armenians, Greeks and other subject nations of the empire worked for centuries to keep the country’s economy prosperous1. After the Crimean war of 1853–1856, when the Ottoman Empire began to strengthen its relations with Europe and modernize its economy, Armenians were ready to play an important role between the empire and Europe. Armenian merchants knew European languages and the newest methods of European trade. That is why they were able to become mediators of Turkish–European trade and occupy an influential position in Turkish–European trade.

    KeywordsConstantinople Ottoman Empire the Armenians of Constantinople Greeks periodic press trading company import export khan workshop factory

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  • Vahan Melikyan - The Persian Armenians during the February Revolution of Russia in 1917
    16 Pages | 39-55 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-39 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-08 | Reviewed on: 2024-05-28 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / History

    The fall of the autocracy in Russia in February 1917 was the reason for significant military and political, social and economic changes in Persia and changes in the life of the Persian Armenians. In the context of the ongoing World War in Persia, the status of military and political, economic and financial control of Russia, England, Germany and the Ottoman Empire continued to dominate, and the threat of loss of the country's sovereignty was obvious. All these processes influenced all sectors of the life of Persian Armenians, in particular, social-economic and social-political.

    KeywordsPersia Persian Armenians February Revolution Tehran Tabriz Hamadan Qazvin Russia Britain Atropatene Tumanyan brothers

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  • Lusine Ghamoyan - Semantic (Thematic) group “Personal Jewelry” in Armenia
    12 Pages | 122-134 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-122 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-16 | Reviewed on: 2024-04-08 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Linguistics

    In the Armenian language, in the semantic (thematic) group “personal jewelry” the common word is the word “ornament”, which has a great word-forming activity. The first jewelry appeared together with clothes being an expression not of fantasy and aesthetics, but of mystical ideas. There is evidence of names of various kinds of gems and jewelry of the 5th century (or earlier), which, according to genealogy, are represented by the following groups: a) native Armenian words, b) Iranian borrowings, c) Greek borrowings, d) Assyrian borrowings, e) Arabic borrowings, f) Turkic borrowings. Words of unknown origin are also highlighted.

    Keywords"personal jewelry" semantic field borrowing bracelet ring earring necklace bib (brooch) head and hair jewelry gold silver.

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  • Susanna Hovhannisyan - Charents-Tumanyan: an unknown page of the artistic heritage of Yeghishe Charents
    16 Pages | 172-188 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-172 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-25 | Reviewed on: 2024-02-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Literary studies

    The creative and personal ties of Yeghishe Charents and Hovhannes Tumanyan were in the focus of attention of both Charents and Tumanyan scholars in the last decades of the last century. The researchers concluded that Charents' poetry is largely a continuation of Tumanyan’s literary traditions. Charents' assessments and views on Tumanyan’s place and role in the history of Armenian literature, expressed both in critical and artistic works, were significant and became the cornerstone for Tumanyan studies.

    KeywordsHovhannes Tumanyan Charents Nvard Tumanyan a draft of an unknown poem by Charents collection “Works of Art” “Dedication to Nvard”.

  • Mher Navoyan - The views of Khachatur Abovyan on national music issues
    13 Pages | 202-215 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-202 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-19 | Reviewed on: 2024-01-21 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Arts

    The views of the founder of the Eastern Armenian literary language Khachatur Abovyan about music are based on the ideas of Armenian national identity. Two of his articles, "Armenian Church and Folk Music", as well as an article addressed to the Imperial Russian Academy that has not been preserved to this day, pursued a specific and cognitive goal to identify the characteristic features of the identity of the Armenian people and introduce them to the outside world. In the history of Armenian music, these articles marked the beginning of the formation of a national worldview, the ideological foundations of which were formed under the influence of German Romanticism, and the culmination of which was the formation of the Armenian national school of composers.

    KeywordsKhachatur Abovyan Johann Benjamin Gross German Romanticism sacred song traditional musical and poetic art art of ashughs national school of composers khaz Sharakan.

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  • Zarine Sarajyan - Hamo Sahyan: Literary portrait
    18 Pages | 98-116 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-98 |

    Revceived on: 2024-06-21 | Reviewed on: 2024-06-24 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Literary studies

    Hamo Sahyan (Hmayak Sahaki Grigoryan, 1914–1993) is an outstanding Armenian poet. His first collection of poems, entitled “On the Banks of the Vorotan”, was published in 1946. Later, he published the collections “On the Peak” (1955), “Nairyan Green Poplar” (1958), “Armenia in the Songs” (1962), “Before Sunset” 1964), “Song of the Cliffs” (1968), “Open, Sezam” (1972) etc.

    KeywordsHamo Sahyan poetry nature man worldview pantheism homeland literary relations translation art philosophy.

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  • Artashes Martirosyan - Study of the semantic structure of lexemes of one microsystem of the lexical set “Names of persons”
    12 Pages | 144-156 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-144 |

    Revceived on: 2024-07-09 | Reviewed on: 2024-07-17 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Linguistics

    The subject of the study of lexicology comes down primarily to a diachronic consideration of the extra-linguistic, socio-historical nature of the lexical composition of a language, for which lexicography is an indispensable source. This study is based on the sociolinguistic and systemic-semantic aspects of the study of vocabulary. The first involves the characterization and classification of words according to external socio-historical factors (borrowings from different forms of language), according to the peculiarities of the use of words (archaisms, neologisms), and according to professional areas of use of words (terms). In the case of the second, the center of consideration is the internal semantic structure of the lexeme, view at the vocabulary as a system.

    Keywordslexical semantics lexical-semantic set lexical-semantic group lexeme semantic structure archiseme nuclear seme peripheral seme.

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  • Armine Petrosyan - Female image in the art of Hmayak Hakobyan
    10 Pages | 169-179 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-169 |

    Revceived on: 2024-09-16 | Reviewed on: 2024-11-18 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Arts

    The image of a woman takes a special place in the work of the Tiflis Armenian artist, representative of the academic school of painting Hmayak Hakobyan (1871–1939). Through female images, the artist expressed his feelings, thoughts, and his state of mind. The portraits and sketches he created represent a generalized, collective image of a woman of his era. Realism and lyricism are characteristic of the master's work. The theme of aesthetics of the naked body is widely represented in the artist's paintings and graphics.

    KeywordsHmayak Hakobyan female images (graphics) naked woman woman as a driving force woman as a source of inspiration female images (painting).

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  • Lusine Sahakyan - Vahagn Dadryan – The outstanding researcher of the Armenian Genocide
    30 Pages | 3-33 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-3 |

    Revceived on: 2023-01-27 | Reviewed on: 2023-03-06 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / History

    Prominent historian Vahagn Dadryan’s contribution to the study of the Armenian Genocide is highly valuable. Applying the latest historical-comparative and interdisciplinary methods, Dadryan discovered and introduced numerous archival documents into scientific circulation. Proceeding from theoretical statements put forward by different scientific disciplines, the scholar proposed and analyzed new problems and aspects of the Armenian Genocide, and the results of his investigations published on various academic and socio-political platforms, have always attracted the attention of academic circles.

    KeywordsVahagn Dadryan Armenian Genocide exile Armenia Artsakh Diaspora Ottoman Empire sociology criminalistics victimology document press.

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  • Yeva Mnatsakanyan - Some observations on H. Tumanyan’s unfinished drama “Artavazd”
    15 Pages | 96-111 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-96 |

    Revceived on: 2023-02-15 | Reviewed on: 2023-02-25 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / Literature

    On the basis of the manuscripts and other materials preserved in the archives of Tumanyan, one can make a rough idea of the tendency of the drama “Artavazd”, of its possible plot, ideology, psychological developments of the author, and symbols. By means of a comparative examination, not only several essential characteristics of the typological differentiation of Artavazd myth are highlighted, but possible hypotheses for revealing the contextual sub-layers of H. Tumanyan’s “Artavazd” drama are also suggested. While studying the issue, we applied the comparative, historical-comparative, interpretive methods, pointing out and analyzing the basis of tragical conflict between Artashes and Artavazd and the key features in Tumanyan’s notes and in the article “On the section of “Tenchair Satenik” by Khorenatsi”.

    Keywords H. Tumanyan M. Khorenatsi legend Artashes Artavazd Satenik unfinished drama notes mythological map envy longing psychological domain.

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  • Marine Sargsyan - Avetik Isahakyan’s “little Tragedies”
    15 Pages | 112-127 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-112 |

    Revceived on: 2022-10-06 | Reviewed on: 2022-12-26 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / Literature

    became an exceptional life experience, creative reflection of which are the short stories of “One Week With a Convict”, “Kurd Amo” and “Bayram Ali”. Born from the creative idea of “From Рrison Мemories”, they turned into multilayered “little tragedies”. Perfected and revised by the author, wise with vast life experience, they in a certain way crystallized eternal conflicts that occur in different planes of nature and human existence. Inside – between the consciousness and unconsciousness, outside – between the worlds created by nature and created by man, between the inner and outer, as well as several basic tragedies of the destruction of man, the individual, resulting from these conflicts and in addition, derivative-adjacent tragedies of human involvement and non-involvement in human suffering. Moreover, all these tragedies are panhuman and eternal.

    KeywordsAvetik Isahakyan artistic prose creative project memoir short story prison cross tragedy microworld macroworld key idea humanistic world view.

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  • Ani Voskanyan - Extermination of Armenians and expropriation of their property in Adana Province in 1915
    14 Pages | 65-79 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.2-65 |

    Revceived on: 2023-05-11 | Reviewed on: 2023-02-24 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-06-19

    Published in: 2023 N 2 (223) / History

    By the end of 1915, almost all Armenians of Western Armenia, Cilicia and other provinces (vilayets) of the Ottoman Empire had been deported. Both in Adana and other places, Turks continued expropriation of property, plunder, appropriation and destruction of cultural values of Armenians. Deportation, plunder and extermination of Armenians were carried out by the orders from the central government, with the strenuous efforts of the local provincial authorities as well as groups and organizations that had been formed for that purpose, also the common people being actively involved in these actions.

    KeywordsArmenian Genocide Ottoman Empire Cilicia Adana Province Ottoman authorities Young Turk government private and national property deportation extermination confiscation.

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  • Mariam Hovsepyan - Armenian newspapers of Constantinopole on “Nemesis” operation (1920–1922)
    13 Pages | 100-113 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.2-100 |

    Revceived on: 2023-06-08 | Reviewed on: 2023-06-11 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-06-19

    Published in: 2023 N 2 (223) / History

    At the 9th General Meeting of the ARF - Dashnaktsutyun, held in Yerevan on September 27-October 30, 1919, a decision was made to conduct a punitive operation “Nemesis” against the organizers of the Armenian Genocide. These acts had a great public response, which was reflected on the pages of the Constantinople Armenian periodicals “Zhoghovurdy dzayn, Zhamanak”, “Verjin lur”, and “Chakatamart” in 1920-1922.

    KeywordsArmenian newspapers of Constantinople “Nemesis” operation Ottoman military court Armenian avengers Armenian Genocide organizers of the Armenian Genocide.

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  • Alina Gharibyan - The image of the Mistress of the field - the Old woman in the epic
    17 Pages | 128-145 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.2-128 |

    Revceived on: 2023-06-08 | Reviewed on: 2023-06-14 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-06-19

    Published in: 2023 N 2 (223) / Philosophy

    The figure of an old woman in the epic “Sasna Tsrer” has a rather rich set of motifs and functions manifesting itself in all four branches of the epic. The image of Artater Parav (the mistress of the field - the old woman) stands out in the third branch of the epic with stable motifs and an important role. In her attitude to field work, as well as in other ways, this figure resembles the goddesses Demeter and Anahit, the Celtic goddess Old Mother Taitiun and the famous Old Woman Hecales in Greek mythology. In the epic "Sasna Tsrer", the image of Artater Parav has an interesting development and is characterized by a variety of functions. She manifests herself both in the image of a woman with life experience and in the image of a caring mother; she has common features with the instructive old woman from the fairy tale.

    Keywordsthe old woman epic “Sasna Tsrer” tale David of Sasun plot function motif myth field work curse.

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  • Knar Harutyunyan - The manuscript heritage of Grigor II Vkayaser (According to the literary and colophon data)
    17 Pages | 146-163 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.2-146 |

    Revceived on: 2022-11-21 | Reviewed on: 2022-11-23 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-06-19

    Published in: 2023 N 2 (223) / Philosophy

    The Catholicoses of Armenia played a great role in the creation and development of Armenian manuscripts and printed books, being patrons, recipients and many of them even scribes. Therefore, for a comprehensive assessment of their work, as well as for the study of the history of the Armenian book, it is important to present this area of their activity. In this regard, the activity of Catholicos Grigor II Vkayaser (the Martyrophile, 1066-1105) is noteworthy as he played a great role in translation of hagiographic literature.

    KeywordsArmenian manuscript Catholicos the manuscript heritage of Catholicoses Grigor II Vkayaser colophon Armenian literature catalogue of manuscripts.

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  • Anushavan Zakaryan - David Ananun and Hovhannes Tumanyan: Litarary and public relations
    26 Pages | 175-201 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.2-175 |

    Revceived on: 2023-04-18 | Reviewed on: 2023-05-26 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-06-19

    Published in: 2023 N 2 (223) / Philosophy

    Armenologist David Ananun [David Hovhanovich (Hovhannesovich) Ter-Danielyan, 1880-1943] is a distinguished representative of Armenian social-political, literary and cultural reality of the first thirty years of the XX century. Throughout all his substantive activity he maintained close ties with many representatives of the Armenian reality of that time. His literary and public relations of extremely wide vector with the poet of all Armenians Hovhannes Tumanyan are of particular interest.

    KeywordsD. Ananun H. Tumanyan letters Caucasian society of Armenian writers newspaper “Mshak” articles Commission of inquiry biweekly newspaper “Cooperation of Armenia” quatrians.

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  • Gegham Hovhannisyan - National issues in the London periodical “New Life” (1898–1902)
    12 Pages | 59-71 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-59 |

    Revceived on: 2023-09-12 | Reviewed on: 2023-09-20 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / History

    One of the first periodicals of the Reorganized Hunchak Party, formed in 1896, was the “New Life” journal, which was published in London in 1898–1902. The issue of political education of the Armenian people was discussed on the pages of the periodical. The journal contributed to the development of the Armenian liberation movement and its effectiveness and addressed the most significant issues of the Armenian national life of the late XIX century. The issues covered on the pages of the journal were topical for Armenian reality of that historical period, especially those concerning the reassessment of the liberation movement, the role of the great European powers in the fate of the Armenian people, the importance of education and enlightenment in the national progress. The “New Life” periodical also revealed the negative phenomena in national life, rightly emphasizing that it is impossible to develop a true national policy without laying stress on them.

    Keywords: the “New Life” Arpiar Arpiaryan Reorganized Hunchak Party Ottoman Turkey ideology of the liberation movement Western Armenia Europe Russia A. Arzuyan.

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  • Mikael Martirosyan - The role of Grigor Zohrap in the conclusion of the Russian-German Agreement of 1913
    20 Pages | 72-92 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-72 |

    Revceived on: 2023-04-10 | Reviewed on: 2023-05-02 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / History

    Grigor Zohrap is one of the luminaries of the Western Armenian intelligentsia of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The concern for the plight of the Western Armenian people and the future of Armenia pushed him to social and political activities from a very young age. The high public reputation made it possible for Zohrap to be elected a deputy of the Young Turk Parliament for three times in a row, from 1908 to 1914. His political activity is a vivid example of serving his native people with unwavering dedication and political courage, which deserves admiration and gratitude.

    KeywordsGrigor Zohrap Armenian reforms the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople Russian-German compromise agreement H. Wangenheim M. Girs A. Mandelstam.

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  • Ruben Sahakyan - The Caucasus front of the First World War in the documents (critical remarks and analysis)
    30 Pages | 93-123 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-93 |

    Revceived on: 2023-06-07 | Reviewed on: 2023-09-29 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / History

    In 2020, a collection of documents ‘’The Caucasus Front of the First World War, 1914-1917’’ was published in Moscow. Executive editor A. N. Artizov, compilers - candidate of historical sciences B. B. Davidov, N. G. Zakharova, candidate of historical sciences I. V. Karpeyev, S. A. Kharitonov, candidate of historical sciences O. V. Chistyakov, E. E. Koloskova, candidate of historical sciences M. E. Malevinskaya, candidate of historical sciences D. G. Martirosyan, Yu. V. Basenko, candidate of historical sciences G. G. Avagyan, candidate of historical sciences S. S. Mirzoyan. The compliers of the collection did a significant research work, but when getting familiar with the published documents a number of questions come up, therefore we present some observations. 1. One of the gaps in the preface is the absence of the fact that the main initiator of the volunteer movement in the Caucasus was the Caucasian governorship, and also, that the persecuted members of the ARF Dashnaktsutyun Party were allowed to return and take part in the formation of squads.

    KeywordsThe Caucasus Front I. I. Vorontsov-Dashkov N. N. Yudenich Armenian volunteer movement Andranik Dro Hamazasp Keri A. Manukian H. Zavrian Armenian Genocide Armenian Question Sarikamish Van Erzerum Trapezund Erzenka.

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  • Gayane Ghazaryan, Hamo Sukiasyan - Brewing in the Yerevan province (End of the 19th century – beginning of the 20th century)
    14 Pages | 124-138 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-124 |

    Revceived on: 2023-10-02 | Reviewed on: 2023-10-10 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / History

    At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, breweries were opened one after another in the cities of Transcaucasia. Based on the newly discovered archival documents and official statistical data, it is shown that the most viable breweries in the Yerevan province were the factories of the Dzitoghtsyans and Tsaghikyans in Alexandropol and Avetyants in Yerevan. They were in operation until World War I and contributed to the revival of Armenian urban life. After the sovietization of Armenia in December 1920, the above mentioned factories were nationalized and put back into operation.

    Keywordsbeer factory production alcoholic beverages Yerevan province Nikolay Smanov Mkrtich Dzitoghtsyan Yegor Oskanov (Voskanyan) Khachatur Avetyants Harutyun Avetyants Hamazasp Tsaghikyan.

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  • Petros Demirchyan - Assessment of Valery Bryusov in the Armenian literary and scientific thought
    23 Pages | 139-162 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-139 |

    Revceived on: 2023-09-10 | Reviewed on: 2023-09-18 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / Literary studies

    The process of evaluation of the personality and activity of the famous Russian poet, critic, translator Valery Bryusov (1873-1924) by the Armenian literary and scientific mind has a history of more than a century. Vahan Teryan was one of the first to evaluate works of Valery Bryusov in 1913. In the Armenian environment, interest in the personality and works of Valery Bryusov rose sharply, especially after the Great Armenian Genocide carried out by the Ottoman Empire, during the preparation and publication of the collection “Poetry of Armenia” compiled and edited by Bryusov in 1915–1916. Many prominent figures of Armenian literature of the time: Hovh. Hovhannisyan, Al. Shirvanzadeh, H. Tumanyan, V. Teryan, A. Chopanyan, N. Aghbalyan, spoke out in the forms of articles, poems, welcome speeches, letters, etc.

    KeywordsV. Bryusov literary critic translator Yu. Veselovsky M. Gorky V. Teryan Hovh. Tumanyan “Poetry of Armenia” Bryusov’s lectures visits to Transcaucasia.

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  • Hasmik Hovsepyan - The role of the grammar textbook by Grigor Magistros in the Syunik school
    7 Pages | 180-187 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-180 |

    Revceived on: 2023-08-25 | Reviewed on: 2023-08-28 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / Literary studies

    The comparative analysis of the manuscript sources allows us to outline the general path of development of manuscript number 3917 kept in the Matenadaran after M. Mashtots; it contains the “Interpretation of Grammar” by Grigor Magistros (990–1058) and presents the scientific and educational environment in which this grammatical work was spread. As a result of the research, it becomes clear, that the “Interpretation” by Magistros was used in Tatev and Sarkavagants Monasteries. In the 15th century, when the interpretations of Hovhannes Yerznkatsi, Hovhannes Tsortsoretsi, and Vardan Areveltsi were created, Grigor Tatevatsi handed over the original of the “Grammar” by Magistros to his student Archimandrite Hovhannes Karmir from Kapan to circulate in the Sarkavagants Monastery.

    KeywordsGrigor Magistros “Interpretation of Grammar” manuscript colophon Grigor Tatevatsi Archimandrite Hovhannes Tatev Monastery Deacon Monastery library writing center.

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  • Narine Dilbaryan - The basic words of the semantic field denoting the concept “Man” in the Ancient Armenian translation of the Book of Genesis
    14 Pages | 188-202 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-188 |

    Revceived on: 2023-06-19 | Reviewed on: 2023-06-26 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / Linguistics

    A study of words relating to a man and society in the Book of Genesis shows that this semantic group has many verbal units for denoting basic concepts, whether they are simple roots or compound constructions that are combined into subgroups that complement each other. The words included in the subgroups of this semantic field have a rich spectrum in terms of the number of synonyms. Most of these words are of Indo-European origin: մարդ, այր, ծնունդ, մանուկ, հայր, մայր, եղբայր, քոյր, ուստր, դուստր, անդրանիկ, ծնունդ, ընտանիք տուն; there are several borrowings from Iranian (ազգ, տոհմ, զաւակ) and Syrian (տղայ).

    KeywordsBible Genesis ancient Armenian translation vocabulary semantic field of human meaning society root words borrowings.

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  • Arsen Harutyunyan - The period of construction of the entrances at the fortification and spring of Tatev Monastery
    15 Pages | 230-245 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.3-230 |

    Revceived on: 2023-06-20 | Reviewed on: 2023-08-06 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-11-29

    Published in: 2023 N 3 (224) / Archaeology

    According to historiographer Stepanos Orbelyan, a fortification was erected around Tatev Monastery at the beginning of the 10th century on the initiative of the spiritual leader of Syunik, Bishop Hovhannes (1006–1058). In the first and second halves of the 11th century, on the initiative of Bishops Hovhannes and Gregory (1058–1116), arched gates with apses and churches were built over the western and eastern entrances adjacent to the fortification. The western entrance with its apses of St. Karapet did not reach us, but in the 1980s, the eastern entrance near the northern fortification was restored together with the one-nave and over the gate churches of Holy Mother of God (built in 1087).

    KeywordsTatev Monastery Stepanos Orbelyan old and new entrances of the fortification construction of the spring archaeological excavations epigraphic inscription manuscript mention.

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  • Anushavan Zakaryan - The talented son of the Lisitsyans: Levon Lisitsyan
    27 Pages | 49-76 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.1-49 |

    Revceived on: 2021-12-27 | Reviewed on: 2022-02-23 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-03-03

    Published in: 2022 N 1 (219) / Articles, reports

    January 9, 2022 marks the 130th anniversary of the birth of Levon Lisitsyan – an ethnographer, philologist, historian and public figure, the talented son of the Lisitsyans – prominent representatives of the Armenian reality of the late 19th and early 20th cc. The short but meaningful, eventful life and activities of L. Lisitsyan can be divided into the following stages: a) student years (universities of Munich, Moscow, Vienna), during which his scientific activity was born: he was the advisor in Armenian culture to the outstanding Austrian professor of history and architecture Josef Strzygowski; b) contribution to the scientific expedition headed by J. Strzygowski, who visited Armenia from September 14 – October 4, 1913; c) participation in the actions of the Armenian volunteer squads in 1914–1915 and useful activities for the nation in the position of plenipotentiary representative in Bayazet of the Committee of Fraternal Assistance to Armenian Refugees.

    Keywordsthe Lisitsyans Levon Lisitsyan Tiflis Moscow Vienna J. Strzygowski T. Toramanyan volunteer squads Petrograd N. Marr L. Auer Constantinople Yerevan Sarikamish Etchmiadzin Hov. Tumanyan Av. Isahakyan Al. Kulebyakin K. Bakhshi.

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  • Vahan Melikyan - Interstate territorial and border disputes after the declaration of independence of the Transcaucasian Republics (June–July1918)
    29 Pages | 77-106 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.1-77 |

    Revceived on: 2021-07-06 | Reviewed on: 2021-07-30 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-01-24

    Published in: 2022 N 1 (219) / Articles, reports

    The Batumi Treaty, so far the only international political act recognizing the independence of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia thereby accepting the territories and conditional borders of independent republics, still could not prevent the presence of the military troops of Ottoman Turkey and Germany in the region and, in particular, in Armenia until the end of July 1918. This was evidenced by newly discovered archival documents. From a geographic point of view, the configuration of the new borders was artificial and revealed the aggressive plans of Turkey, in particular, the plan to seize Baku.

    KeywordsArmenia Georgia Azerbaijan Germany Ottoman Empire O․ von Lossov N․ Jordania Vehib Pasha T. Nazarbekyan Aram Manukyan Kh․ Karchikyan Lori Borchalu Akhalkalaki Karabakh.

  • Gegham Hovhannisyan - The Young Turk movement and the Hnchakyans (end of the 19th c. – beginning of the 20th c.)
    14 Pages | 107-121 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.1-103 |

    Revceived on: 2021-10-01 | Reviewed on: 2022-01-10 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-01-20

    Published in: 2022 N 1 (219) / Articles, reports

    At the end of the 19th century, during the rise of the national liberation movement of the Armenian people, the movement of the Young Turks – the Turkish opposition forces, was launched against the sultanate regime. The Young Turks sought to establish a constitutional, parliamentary order and put the country on a European path of development. Realizing that their forces were not sufficient to achieve this goal, the leaders of the movement tried to reach an agreement and cooperate with the subject peoples of the Ottoman Empire, including the political organizations of the Armenian people, who were fighting against the Sultanate tyranny.

    KeywordsYoung Turk Movement Hnchakyans Ottoman Empire reforms Armenian Question Autonomous Armenia Stepan Sapah-Gyulyan.

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  • Artsvik Suvaryan - Grammatical typology of subject and resultative participles of modern literary Eastern Armenian and German languages
    11 Pages | 189-200 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.1-185 |

    Revceived on: 2021-09-25 | Reviewed on: 2021-12-16 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-01-21

    Published in: 2022 N 1 (219) / Articles, reports

    Subject participles of modern German and literary Eastern Armenian maintain the uniformity of composition. Resultative participle of German, due to the peculiarities of the verb, appears in two different forms of composition, by revealing certain peculiarities over composition of the Resultative participle in the Armenian language. Resultative participle is closely connected with the German verb system. Being one of the three main forms of the verb, it participates in the composition of compound finite tense forms and the Simple Past.

    Keywords grammatical typology Armenian and German languages Subject and Resultative Participles simultaneity pre-tense conditions active-passive voice literary Eastern Armenian Western Armenian resultative+ եմ/էի construction circumstantial functions.

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  • Sona Mikayelyan - Dialectal word layer of Arabic borrowings in the Armenian language
    8 Pages | 201-209 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.1-197 |

    Revceived on: 2021-07-01 | Reviewed on: 2021-07-12 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-03-27

    Published in: 2022 N 1 (219) / Articles, reports

    The borrowed layer of vocabulary is an inseparable part of a language, formed at different stages of its historical development due to numerous extra-linguistic and linguistic factors. Synchronic and diachronic approaches to the study of borrowings aim at exploring the nature of the existing historical and cultural interrelations between the languages and the peoples of the given linguo-culture.

    Keywordsa borrowing Arabic borrowings in Armenian literary borrowings dialectal borrowings direct and mediated borrowings semantic and derivative changes active and passive borrowings.

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  • Ruben Sahakyan - Hovhannes Ter-Martirosyan (A-Do)
    24 Pages | 9-33 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-9 |

    Revceived on: 2022-03-30 | Reviewed on: 2022-05-17 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-06-09

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / History

    Public-political figure Hovhannes Ter-Martirosyan, known under the pseudonym A-Do, was born on January 4, 1867 in Nor Bayazet town. Here he received his primary education. In 1881 he moved to Yerevan where he graduated from a diocesan school and later studied at the Kharkov University (1905), at the St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Institute (1907). A-Do was an eyewitness to the Russian Revolution (1905-1907), the Armenian-Tartar clashes (1905-1906). He thoroughly studied the causes of the clashes and wrote a special work on the conflict ‒ “Armenian-Turkish clash of 1905-1906” (1907).

    KeywordsA-Do Nor Bayаzet Yerevan Dashnaktsutyun Armenian-Tartar clashes Artsakh Van Rostom Aram Manukyan Nikol Aghbalyan February Revolution Salmast Sardarapat Garegin Nzhdeh.

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  • Susanna Hovhannisyan - Intuition in Hovhannes Tumanyan’s life
    17 Pages | 122-139 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-122 |

    Revceived on: 2022-01-25 | Reviewed on: 2022-01-28 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-05-02

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / Literature

    Hovhannes Tumanyan was largely endowed with an intuitive perception of the cause-and-effect relationships of phenomena and realities, as well as telepathic abilities. Complex sensations of the subconscious world were available to him, thanks to which intuition and foresight became essential components of the poet’s worldview and world perception, became important means of knowing the world.

    KeywordsHovh. Tumanyan intuition foresight sleep psychological signals extrasensory perception creative inspiration instinct.

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  • Heriknaz Vorskanyan - Medieval riddles on the topics of Armenian history
    22 Pages | 140-162 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-140 |

    Revceived on: 2022-05-04 | Reviewed on: 2022-05-11 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-05-26

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / Literature

    The first author who wrote riddles on the theme of the Armenian history was the well-known author of medieval Armenian literature, Catholicos Nerses Shnorhali (XII c.). He thematically grouped riddles. The historical figures of the first group of his riddles are connected with the themes of Armenian history of the pre-Christian period and of the fourth century. They are endowed with mythical power and form the mighty strength and spirit of the people. The second group of riddles includes prominent figures associated with the Christianity and culture, who began and paved the way for the Enlightenment and spiritual and moral growth of the people.

    Keywords personal-writing riddles A. Mnatsakanyan N. Shnorhali Arme¬nian history Tiratur vardapet (archimandrite) Hovh. Tsortsoretsi Anonymous Agatangeghos Buzand Khorenatsi Artsruni Gandzaketsi.

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  • Vano Yeghiazaryan - An unpublished love song by Hovhannes Tlkurantsi
    5 Pages | 163-168 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-163 |

    Revceived on: 2022-01-05 | Reviewed on: 2022-01-12 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-05-02

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / Literature

    The love song with the beginning of “Hogi zalm nazlu...”, preserved in the No 979 manuscript of the Matenadaran of the Vienna Mechitarist Congregation, belongs to Hovhannes Tlkurantsi, not only by the mentioning of Khev Hovhannes, but also for its poetic spirit close to Tlkurantsi’s poesy and for the religious exalted epilogues. Khev Hovhannes Tlkurantsi’s creation, to be published for the first time, is still in the form of a manuscript and may be considered a newly discovered love song.

    Keywordstlkurantsiology No 979 manuscript in the Matenadaran of the Vienna Mechitarist Congregation an unpublished love song.

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  • Lusine Ghamoyan - Native Armenian words in the semantic field of “clothing”
    12 Pages | 188-200 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.2-188 |

    Revceived on: 2022-04-04 | Reviewed on: 2022-04-16 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-05-24

    Published in: 2022 N 2 (220) / Linguistics

    From Old Armenian a small number of indigenous Indo-European names denoting clothing or apparel have come down to us (according to the samples we have collected, about 3 dozens). Some of them have passed from Old Armenian, Middle Armenian and from dialects to modern literary Armenian: although it should be noted that some of these words are presumably native Indo-European. Many of the roots have undergone significant semantic changes over time: a) changed their primary meanings,

    Keywordsclothes semantic filed native Armenian words Proto-Indo-European Language root.

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  • Ruben Sahakyan - Sargis Mehrabian (Khanasori Vardan)
    26 Pages | 3-29 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.3-3 |

    Revceived on: 2022-07-14 | Reviewed on: 2022-10-18 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-11-09

    Published in: 2022 N 3 (221) / History

    A young man from Artsakh, Sargis Mehrabian, also known as Khanasori Vardan (Vardan of Khanasor) or simply Vardan, devoted himself to the Armenian Liberation Movement as early as 1890. Having received the baptism of fire in the campaign headed by Sargis Kukunian, he joined the Armenian Haiduk Movement. From 1894 to 1896, he took part in the self-defense of Van-Vaspurakan and carried out work on organizing resistance groups in Armenian settlements. The Khanasor expedition of 1897 can be considered the apogee of Vardan’s Haiduk activity against the Kurdish Mazrykan tribe. Having returned to the Caucasus ‒ Baku, he started writing his memoirs, which cover the events through 1894 to 1896.

    KeywordsSargis Mehrabian Shushi Van Sevkaretsi Sako Khanasor Simon Zavarian Cilicia Rostom Armenian-Tatar clashes First World War volunteer movement genocide Aram Manukian Baku Yerevan.

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  • David Gasparyan - Eghishe Charents’ foreign journey (November 21, 1924 – beginning of June, 1925)
    27 Pages | 85-112 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.3-85 |

    Revceived on: 2022-09-05 | Reviewed on: 2022-09-12 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-11-09

    Published in: 2022 N 3 (221) / Literature

    On November 21, 1924, Charents left Batumi for an international journey on the ship “Bukovina”. Abroad, Charents was perceived as a symbol of the USSR, as a red poet. His first stop was Trabzon, where he wrote the poem "Lenin and Alin" based on the impressions he got there. Then follows Constantinople where Charents wrote the poem “Stambol” from December 19 to 22 and in the same month, he published it in a separate booklet. On January 9, 1925, he left Istanbul for Athens. In early February of 1925, the poet left Greece and in a few days, he was already in Rome. On the way, he visited the island of Capri in the Bay of Naples.

    KeywordsYeghishe Charents Al. Myasnikyan H. Surkhatyan Trabzon Istanbul Athens Rome Venice St. Lazar Paris Berlin V. Navasardyan Av. Isahakyan K. Zaryan H. Tumanyan.

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  • Tadevos Khachatryan - Image of the world according to Hovhannes Tumanyan
    19 Pages | 113-132 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.3-113 |

    Revceived on: 2022-10-10 | Reviewed on: 2022-10-12 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-11-09

    Published in: 2022 N 3 (221) / Literature

    Creative heritage of Hovhannes Tumanyan occupies the most important place in the Armenian literature and in the entire spiritual culture. The poet's creative works has become the best embodiment of the past and present of Armenia, its spiritual power and artistic traditions.

    KeywordsTumanyan image world analytical philosophy structuralism picture of motives associations mythological character collective archetype theory of expression.

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  • Ariadna Harutyunyan - The poem “On Labor” by Ghunkianos Karnetsi
    10 Pages | 133-143 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.3-133 |

    Revceived on: 2022-04-05 | Reviewed on: 2022-07-06 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-11-09

    Published in: 2022 N 3 (221) / Literature

    The poem by minstrel-singer of the transitional period in the development of Armenian literature - Ghunkianos Karnetsi (1781/1786-1841), “On Labor” has a cognitive meaning. One of the features of minstrel poetry is the periodic repetition in each line and stanza of a word or phrase as a semantic unit, emphasizing the meaning and essence of this poem. Here the word «դատել» means “to work”, “to labor”.

    Keywordsjustice greed thoughtful and instructive minstrel art refrain-ending “datil” secular spirit biblical commandment laziness ignorance.

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  • Ani Saratikyan - Some observations on medicinal plants and their references in written sources (According to Syunik ethnographic materials)
    8 Pages | 194-202 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2022.3-194 |

    Revceived on: 2022-09-16 | Reviewed on: 2022-09-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2022-11-09

    Published in: 2022 N 3 (221) / Ethnography

    Ethnobotanical studies carried out in the Syunik region provide valuable information on species of medicinal plants, purposes and methods of their use, as well as folk traditions in the field of exploitation of natural resources. There are also data on some of the currently used medicinal plants (mint, everlasting, nettle, wild garlic, caraway, plantain, bryony, etc.) in medieval works, where options and methods of treating various diseases with these medicinal plants are discussed and interpreted.

    KeywordsSyunik medicinal plants phytotherapy folk medicine Middle Ages medical books manuscripts beliefs ethnobotany.

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  • Astghik Israelian - The votive offerings of the 18th-20th cc. of the History Museum of Armenia (in Russ.)
    13 Pages | 111-124 |

    Revceived on: 2021-02-12 | Reviewed on: 2021-02-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-03-12

    Published in: 2021 N 1 (216) / Articles, reports

    The ethnographic collections kept in the History Museum of Armenia contain items that shed light on certain features of the people’s traditions, beliefs and rituals. The museum has samples of votive offerings to saints which differ from the usual oblations. These are covenant gifts, which people took to sanctuaries (church, monastery, chapel, khachkar, sacred tree, a house where there was a sacred corner) to seek help from the saints, to fulfill their desires.

    Keywordsvow offering sanctuary healing gratitude iron human figurine parts of body torc cross.

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  • Anushavan Zakaryan - Osip Mandelstam: Poet and time. Armenia in his life
    41 Pages | 46-87 |

    Revceived on: 2021-02-23 | Reviewed on: 2021-07-02 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-07-07

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    Osip Mandelstam (1891–1938) – a prominent Russian poet (Jewish by origin), art theorist, translator – takes a special place in the history of the Soviet literature. In the 1920–1930s, Mandelstam, being non-party man and not constantly being member of any literary association, tasted all the misfortunes that befell the intellectual class of his generation and great many ordinary Soviet citizens; he faced repressions, he was arrested twice, was sent into exile where he died.

    KeywordsO. Mandelstam N. Mandelstam N. Bukharin I. Erenburg S. Ter-Gabrielyan M. Shahinyan Yerevan Shushi Tiflis Ye. Charents Armenian theme “Journey to Armenia”.

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  • David Gasparyan - The border of history and art (According to the novel “The White Horseman” by Hamastegh)
    21 Pages | 150-171 |

    Revceived on: 2021-04-22 | Reviewed on: 2021-04-27 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-05-10

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    The novel “The White Horseman” without Chapters 3 and 4 was published in “Hayrenik” magazine of Boston (1931, №. 7, 1933, №. 12) and then in a separate book in Los Angeles (vols. 1–2, 1952), in one volume in Yerevan (2016). The time included in the novel is the 1890s. This is a novel with a historical-political program, but it is not a historical novel. There are historical hidden figures among the heroes: Cherchi Kiros – Hrayr Dzhoghk (Armenak Ghazaryan (1864–1904), Malkhas – Gevorg Chaush (Gevorg Ghazaryan) (1870–1907)), Nairyan – the conventional image of an ideological leader. The novel has a cer¬tain ideological orientation: shortly after the Genocide, the loss of the homeland, it tries to instill in the people the spirit of victory, even the dream of victory.

    Keywords Hamastegh “The White Horseman” Martik Cherchi Kiros Berdak Vardadzor fedayi liberation war Armenian Kurdish Turkish homeland struggle heroes victory.

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  • Susanna Hovhannisyan - The poet’s daughter: newly revealed pages from the Tumanyan’s family archive
    15 Pages | 179-194 |

    Revceived on: 2021-04-16 | Reviewed on: 2021-05-12 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-06-18

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    Among the ten children of Hovhannes Tumanyan Nvard Tu¬manyan (1892–1957) stood out for her role in the Armenian cultural and social life and especially for her contribution to the Tumanyan studies, whose life and work are remarkable and interesting not only because she was the daughter of the great poet, but also for her being a bright personality, literary scholar, devotee of Armenian culture.

    KeywordsNvard Tumanyan Ye. Charents H. Acharyan S. Gorodetsky Av. Isahakyan V. Teryan M. Vardazaryan Hovnanyan gymnasium diaries me¬moirs poetry dedicated to Nvard “The Novice (Mtsyri)” translation influence literary “Quartette” “Thursdays”.

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  • Narek Martirosyan - The ways of solving the land issue according to the Armenian deptuies of the Ottoman Parliament
    14 Pages | 195-209 |

    Revceived on: 2021-05-07 | Reviewed on: 2021-06-15 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-06-23

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    At the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, the land issue remained a priority among many socio-economic, socio-political, national and other issues of Western Armenia. The land issue arose as a result of the deprivation of the Armenians of Western Armenia, the genocide, illegal taxation, the resettlement of Muslims, and other arbitrariness.

    Keywords: Ottoman parliament Armenian deputies Western Armenia land issue Armenian patriarchy in Constantinople commitee of land grabbing land law Imperial edict.

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  • Lalik Khachatryan, Lilit Khachatryan - The number-formation of adjective // noun polysemantic words in Old Armenian
    12 Pages | 225-237 |

    Revceived on: 2020-11-25 | Reviewed on: 2021-02-26 | Accepted for printing on: 2021-06-11

    Published in: 2021 N 2 (217) / Articles, reports

    The number-formation patterns of noun//adjective polysemantic words depend on their structural types - simple (աջ – right, աւագ – senior, աւազակ – robber, բարբարոս – savage), derivative structures (աղանդաւոր – sectarian, ազգական – relative, գաղթական – refugee, քաղաքային – municipal, բնակիչ – inhabitant), compound (աստուածաբան – theologian, այլալեզու – foreigner, գահերէց – president, chairman, մեծամեծ – chief, ազգակից – kinsfolk, զի¬նակիր – warrior, թիկնապահ – bodyguard) and lexical meanings.

    Keywordsgrammatical category of number plural form affixation polysemantic words polysemy number-formation pattern structural type number-formation affix typological indication.

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  • Anushavan Zakaryan , Gayane Makhmourian - Letters by Mkrtich Khrimian, dated 30 May 1904, to the presidents of France the USA in the context of the reform programs for Western Armenia
    20 Pages | 36-56 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.1-36 |

    Revceived on: 2024-12-11 | Reviewed on: 2025-02-20 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-03-27

    Published in: 2025 N 1 (228) / History

    An irreconcilable struggle was waged in 1878–1904, and particularly since 1895, between the block of Great Powers seeking to implement reforms in Western Armenia, that suffered under the yoke of the Ottoman Empire, and the longing of the Sublime Porte to abort these processes. England, France and Russia, notwithstanding all controversies and rivalries between them, elaborated joint programs to establish capitalist fundamentals in the Ottoman Empire.

    Keywordsletters by Mkrtich Khrimian Western Armenia Ottoman Empire reforms massacres self- defense of Sasun in 1904 Theodore Roosevelt Emile Loubet Edward VII Hovsep Sarajian Sahak Ayvatian Andranik Ozanian Gevorg Chaush Gegham Ter-Karapetian.

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  • Alina Gharibyan - Mythological bases of the character of Khandut in the epic “Sasna Tsrer”
    22 Pages | 104-126 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.1-104 |

    Revceived on: 2024-11-07 | Reviewed on: 2025-02-02 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-03-27

    Published in: 2025 N 1 (228) / Literary studies

    In the epic “Sasna Tsrer” Khandut appears as a heroine endowed with exceptional qualities of heroism, dedication, and self-sacrifice. These features of her character contribute to a more holistic perception of the image of the main hero, David. The motives related to Khandut are extremely diverse, making her image the most complete and perfect. We analyzed the character of Khandut in the context of episodes and motives associated with her in 94 versions of the epic “Sasna Tsrer”, taking into account the characteristics of three typological groups (Moks, Mush, Sasoun).

    Keywords“Sasna Tsrer” еpic Khandut motive Mother Goddess an Amazon heroic woman virgin goddess dragon fighter mythology goddess Anahit.

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  • Liana Ohanyan - Series of stories by Karine Khodikyan “The Storyteller”
    8 Pages | 127-135 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.1-127 |

    Revceived on: 2025-03-13 | Reviewed on: 2025-03-15 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-03-27

    Published in: 2025 N 1 (228) / Literary studies

    Karine Khodikyan- a prosaic, dramatist, publicist and editor- stands out with her original creative writing in the modern Armenian literature characterized by richness of topics and variety of plots. Her series of stories, entitled “The Storyteller”, presents characters of our contemporaries, in particular of women with their way of life, phsycological state, forms of struggle and opposition to the changing circumstances.

    KeywordsKarine Khodikyan prose plot series of stories relationship man and woman way of life stereotypes.

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  • Narine Dilbaryan - Words of Iranian origin for the concept of “Home, Dwelling” in the work “History of Armenia” by Movses Khorenatsi
    13 Pages | 136-149 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.1-136 |

    Revceived on: 2024-11-22 | Reviewed on: 2024-12-10 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-03-27

    Published in: 2025 N 1 (228) / Linguistics

    The basic units of the ancient Armenian, which express the concept of “home, dwelling” are characteristic of all phases of the development of the literary Armenian language. In other words, these are common Armenian words passed into the modern literary language and dialects from the classical Armenian language. Most of the words related to the concept of “home, dwelling” are simple roots used in the formation of word combinations. Statistically, the most significant group consists of words with suffixes, followed by compound words.

    Keywordsthe concept of “home dwelling” world view cultural interaction Iranian borrowings etymology semantics word formation.

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  • Heriknaz Vorskanyan - Prominent Armenologist Manuk Abeghyan at the origins of the Academic Science
    27 Pages | 73-100 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.2-73 |

    Revceived on: 2025-04-18 | Reviewed on: 2025-05-22 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-07-11

    Published in: 2025 N 2 (229) / Literary studies

    One of the outstanding representatives of the Armenian philology is Manuk Abeghyan (1885–1944), Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Social Sciences, Honored Scientist, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia. M. Abeghyan's research works were of fundamental importance in several branches of Armenology, i.e. philology, literary studies, linguistics. He laid the foundation for the scientific study of prosody.

    KeywordsManuk Abeghyan pedagogue national-public figure Armenologist orthographic reforms prosody theory methodology.

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  • Susanna Hovhannisyan - History in the unfinished works of Hovhannes Tumanyan (historical dramas and stories)
    12 Pages | 124-136 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.2-124 |

    Revceived on: 2025-01-20 | Reviewed on: 2025-02-13 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-07-11

    Published in: 2025 N 2 (229) / Literary studies

    The historical and philosophical worldview of Hovhannes Tumanyan is reflected in his unfinished works, which have yet to become a subject of scientific study, although, in 2022, they were published in the 5th volume of the poet's “Complete Collection of Works”. Critical comprehension of Tumanyan’s historical perspectives holds true significance, driven by the intensification of security issues in recent years and the ongoing war of external forces against the Armenian people and their statehood.

    KeywordsHovhannes Tumanyan history of Armenia historical dramas fall of Ani “Artavazd II” “King Hovhannes” (or “Smbat II”) “Impressions of War”.

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  • Viktor Katvalyan - About some words characteristic of speech of Lori (comparative analysis)
    16 Pages | 209-225 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2025.2-209 |

    Revceived on: 2025-05-23 | Reviewed on: 2025-05-29 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-07-11

    Published in: 2025 N 2 (229) / Linguistics

    Each dialect or speech is characterized by a unique vocabulary, which, by presenting commonalities and differences with the vocabulary of other dialect units, manifests itself as a system with unique semantic, word-formational, and etymological characteristics. The study of vocabulary is also important not only in terms of a comprehensive study of dialect speech, but also from the perspective of determining the interrelations and influences of dialect units, especially when there are controversial issues.

    Keywordsdialect of Lori vocabulary influence borrowing linguistic thinking semantic shift compound words dictionary.

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  • Armen Karapetyan - Coverage of the Armenian volunteer movement in the “Horizon” newspaper (October 1914 – July 1916)
    16 Pages | 41-57 | DOI: DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2025.3-41 |

    Revceived on: 2025-09-07 | Reviewed on: 2025-10-31 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-11-17

    Published in: 2025 N 3 (230) / History

    The forerunner of the Armenian volunteer movement was the fedayeen movement, which arose in Western Armenia at the end of the 19th century as a stronghold of armed resistance against the Ottoman enslavers. The volunteer movement was the continuation of the national liberation struggle and was driven by the aspiration of the Armenians to liberate Western Armenia from Ottoman oppression. The formation of the movement was also supported by the favorable position of Tsarist Russia, the authorities of which encouraged it in every possible way.

    KeywordsWorld War I Armenian volunteer regiments the ''Horizon'' newspaper massacres Armenian refugees defensive battles the Tsarist authorities heroic commanders liberated Van

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  • Zaruhi Khachatryan - Some horse names attested in Persian and found in the Karabakh dialect
    22 Pages | 170-192 | DOI: DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2025.3-170 |

    Revceived on: 2025-09-21 | Reviewed on: 2025-09-25 | Accepted for printing on: 2025-11-17

    Published in: 2025 N 3 (230) / Linguistics

    The Karabakh dialect is one of the most distinctive Armenian dialects. Alongside original Armenian words, it contains a substantial number of borrowings from Persian, which have Iranian origin as well as Arabic and Turkic. This is quite natural, given the geographical proximity of Artsakh to the northern regions of Iran and intensive contacts with Iranian state and administrative structures during the period of melikdoms.

    KeywordsKarabakh dialect horse names Persian Iranian origin Arabic borrowing semantic change vocabulary dictionary

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  • Vazgen Hambardzumyan - Armenological Inheritance of Arsen Aytinian
    19 Pages | 106-125 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.1-106 |

    Revceived on: 2025-05-26 | Reviewed on: 2025-07-07 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-03-20

    Published in: 2026 N 1(231) / Linguistics

    Arsen Aytinian (1825–1902), a prominent representative of European Armenian studies, a theorist of linguistics and a practical researcher of the history of the Armenian language. He left an indelible mark on the advancement of Armenian studies in the field of linguistics and philology in general. The activity of the Vienna Mekhitarist Congregation in the second half of the 19th century is fully connected with his name. He was an authority in the field of Armenian language in the context of general and theoretical linguistics of his time - a field that has broadly illuminated the development of Armenian studies from the very beginning and to this day.

    KeywordsArsen Aytinian armenology social nature of the language evolution. permanence synchronizm Old Armenian (Grabar) / New Armenian (Ashkharabar) literary language / dialects.

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  • Viktor Katvalyan - Hrachya Acharyan: Life and Scientific Achievement
    17 Pages | 126-143 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.1-126 |

    Revceived on: 2026-02-10 | Reviewed on: 2026-02-11 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-03-20

    Published in: 2026 N 1(231) / Linguistics

    The numerous scientific works by Hrachya Acharyan (1876-1953) cover all domains of the study of the Armenian language. He is the founder of such scientific disciplines as the history of the Armenian language, Armenian dialectology, and experimental phonetics of Armenian language. Hr. Acharyan’s monumental contributions to Armenian lexicography, etymology of the Armenian language, the study of Armenian personal names, historical and comparative grammar of the Armenian language, typological and contrastive research, and many other fields are of fundamental importance to Armenian studies. The pedagogical legacy of the eminent Armenologist is immense.

    Keywordsdialect history of language general linguistics dictionary Meillet Hübschmann anthroponym Indo-European languages complete grammar.

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  • Armen Sargsyan, Shogher Minasyan - Russian-Derived Phraseological Units in the Karabakh Dialect
    16 Pages | 144-160 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.1-144 |

    Revceived on: 2025-11-14 | Reviewed on: 2026-01-11 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-03-20

    Published in: 2026 N 1(231) / Linguistics

    The borrowed words in the Karabakh dialect, when compared to their meanings in Russian, may have either retained their original meaning or undergone various semantic changes. One of the manifestations of semantic changes is the use of these borrowed words in phraseological units. The phraseological units are mainly composed of borrowed subordinate components and Armenian dominant components. Phraseological units with communicative meaning – that is, those functioning as a sentence – are relatively few; they mainly have a simple structure; one-member phraseological units are also encountered.

    KeywordsKarabakh dialect Russian vocabulary borrowing phraseological unit semantic change root affix.

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  • Anna Asatryan, Lilit Hakobyan - The opera “Parvana” by Nikol Galanderyan: the Forgotten Echo of Armenian Romanticism (in Eng.)
    18 Pages | 161-179 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.1-161 |

    Revceived on: 2026-03-07 | Reviewed on: 2026-03-16 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-03-20

    Published in: 2026 N 1(231) / Arts

    In the history of Armenian music, certain names endure forever. One of them is the Iranian-Armenian composer, pedagogue, and musical-public figure Nikol Galanderyan (1881–1944). His opera “Parvana”, whose libretto is written to Hovhannes Tumanyan’s legend of the same name, is a unique fusion of folk mysticism. Oriental lyricism and traditions of European classical opera. Galanderyan created the said opera in a historically complicated period (the first half of the XX century), while living and creating in Tehran. “Parvana” is the first and, perhaps, for now the only attempt to bring to the opera stage Tumanyan’s profound national, almost mystical text.

    KeywordsNikol Galanderyan Hovhannes Tumanyan the opera “Parvana” musical Tumanyaneana Iranian–Armenian music.

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  • Garegin Tumanyan - Protecting the Head of the Deceased by Apotropaic Means (Gleanings from Preհistoric Period) (in Eng.)
    16 Pages | 212-228 | DOI: 10.54503/0135-0536-2026.1-212 |

    Revceived on: 2025-12-18 | Reviewed on: 2025-12-20 | Accepted for printing on: 2026-03-20

    Published in: 2026 N 1(231) / Archaeology and Ethnography

    Since the Paleolithic, all the rituals comprising funerary rite were aimed at a single purpose – overcoming the death. The head of deceased was viewed as a valid replacement of the whole being. It was perceived as a container, where the vital energy was concentrated. Therefore, the head needed protection, which was provided by placing near the head ritual items made of flint, obsidian or metal, modelling the head in plaster, placing the head in a clay vessel or on a stone, etc.

    Keywordssepulchre the head of the deceased human ritual items funerary rite apotropaic metallic items.

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