Historical and philological journal
PUBLISHED SINCE 1958

ԼՈՒՅՍ Է ՏԵՍՆՈՒՄ 1958 ԹՎԱԿԱՆԻՑ
Историко-филологический журнал
ИЗДАЕТСЯ С 1958 ГОДА
  • Anahit Astoyan - The economic activity of the armenians of constantinople (End of the 19th century – beginning of the 20th century) (in Eng.)
    22 Pages | 5-27 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-3 |

    Revceived on: 2023-10-12 | Reviewed on: 2024-03-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / History

    For centuries, the ruling element in the Ottoman Empire, the Turks, were engaged only in the administration of the country, leaving the economic field to the Christians of the country. Armenians, Greeks and other subject nations of the empire worked for centuries to keep the country’s economy prosperous1. After the Crimean war of 1853–1856, when the Ottoman Empire began to strengthen its relations with Europe and modernize its economy, Armenians were ready to play an important role between the empire and Europe. Armenian merchants knew European languages and the newest methods of European trade. That is why they were able to become mediators of Turkish–European trade and occupy an influential position in Turkish–European trade.

    KeywordsConstantinople Ottoman Empire the Armenians of Constantinople Greeks periodic press trading company import export khan workshop factory

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  • Ruben Sahakyan - Memoirs of a participant in the volunteer movement Mikael Ishlemedzhyan
    26 Pages | 189-215 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-189 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-10 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Publications

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  • Henrik Khachatryan - Issue on the possessions of the Mamikonyans at the end of the eighth century
    12 Pages | 26-38 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-26 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-21 | Reviewed on: 2024-05-26 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-06-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / History

    Beginning from the year of 700 to the middle of the 9th century, Armenia together with the countries of the South Caucasus (Kartli, Arran, Shirvan and Derbent) constituted a single administrative unit called Arminiya of Arab Caliphate. The Mamikonyans were one of the strong, if not the strongest Nakharar (princely) family, which owned vast lands. Already from the 7th century the rivalry between the Mamikonyans and the Nakharars of Bagratuni is visible. In the 8th century, the institution of the First Prince (Prince of Armenia), except for two cases, was mainly in the hands of the princes of Bagratuni.

    Keywordsthe Mamikonyans the Bagratunis Ashot Msaker Caliphate Arsharunik Tayk Taron

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  • Vahan Melikyan - The Persian Armenians during the February Revolution of Russia in 1917
    16 Pages | 39-55 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-39 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-08 | Reviewed on: 2024-05-28 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / History

    The fall of the autocracy in Russia in February 1917 was the reason for significant military and political, social and economic changes in Persia and changes in the life of the Persian Armenians. In the context of the ongoing World War in Persia, the status of military and political, economic and financial control of Russia, England, Germany and the Ottoman Empire continued to dominate, and the threat of loss of the country's sovereignty was obvious. All these processes influenced all sectors of the life of Persian Armenians, in particular, social-economic and social-political.

    KeywordsPersia Persian Armenians February Revolution Tehran Tabriz Hamadan Qazvin Russia Britain Atropatene Tumanyan brothers

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  • Lernik Hakobyan - Daniel Varoujan: Proponent of liberty
    25 Pages | 56-81 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-56 |

    Revceived on: 2024-04-29 | Reviewed on: 2024-06-03 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Literary studies

    140 years have passed since the birth of Daniel Varoujan – one of the most eminent representatives of the Western Armenian literature. D. Varoujan was born on April 20, 1884, in the village of Prgnik, Sebastia vilayet. First, he studied at a village school, then in Constantinople, Venice and at Ghent University in Belgium. After receiving his education, he was engaged in teaching activities.

    KeywordsD. Varoujan Western Armenian literature “Shivers” “The Heart of the Race” “Pagan Songs” “The Song of the Bread” national liberation struggle.

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  • Petros Demirchyan - Yeghia Temirchipashyan as a literary critic
    24 Pages | 82-106 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-82 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-27 | Reviewed on: 2024-03-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Literary studies

    Yeghia Temirchipashyan (1851–1908) is a Western Armenian writer, philosopher, teacher, and editor. He is one of the original figures of the new Armenian literature of the second half of the XIX century; in addition to theoretical issues, in the course of his journalistic activity, naturally, he also dealt with the problems of the literary criticism. In his numerous publications of theoretical nature, Temirchipashyan thoroughly studied the issue “What is poetry”, in particular, “personal and impersonal literature”, analyzed the need for literary criticism, criteria for evaluating the contemporary literature, problems of true reflection of the modern stage of history. On the basis of all this, he expressed his attitude and appreciation of the works of the classical and modern writers.

    KeywordsYeghia Temirchipashyan: literary critic “Yerkragunt” art poetry novel soul body creative freedom.

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  • Artak Vardanyan - Relations of the Otsop-Hors subdialect with the surrounding dialects
    5 Pages | 107-112 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-107 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-03 | Reviewed on: 2024-05-06 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Linguistics

    The Otsop dialect (Otsop-Horsa), to some extent, stands out among the closely related dialects of the Jauk-Vayk interdialect (about a dozen villages of the Vayots Dzor marz of the Republic of Armenia). Phonetic, morphological and lexical deviations of the Otsop dialect from the general features of the interdialect can be explained not only by contacts with the neighboring dialects (Artsakh-Syunik dialect, interdialect of Northern Goghtn), but also by the fact that in the first half of the 19th century Armenians who migrated from Khoy and Salmast moved to the village of Otsop and lived together with the local residents, whose native dialect left its mark on some features of the autochthonous dialect.

    KeywordsJahuk-Vayk interdialect Otsop-Hors subdialect phonetic features morphological deviations lexical differences Khoy dialect Artsakh-Syunik dialect.

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  • Manuk Felekyan - Lexicographical presentation of personal pronouns
    8 Pages | 113-121 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-113 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-16 | Reviewed on: 2024-02-28 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Linguistics

    The dictionary interpretation of pronouns largely depends on the grammatical understanding of the pronoun. The problem, to which part of speech this group of words belong, has not received its final solution in grammar yet. This is one of the main reasons for controversies in the lexicography of personal pronouns.

    Keywordspronouns explanatory dictionary dictionaries of the Western Armenian language choice of a headword in a dictionary lexical meaning of a word grammatical features dictionary interpretation.

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  • Lusine Ghamoyan - Semantic (Thematic) group “Personal Jewelry” in Armenia
    12 Pages | 122-134 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-122 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-16 | Reviewed on: 2024-04-08 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Linguistics

    In the Armenian language, in the semantic (thematic) group “personal jewelry” the common word is the word “ornament”, which has a great word-forming activity. The first jewelry appeared together with clothes being an expression not of fantasy and aesthetics, but of mystical ideas. There is evidence of names of various kinds of gems and jewelry of the 5th century (or earlier), which, according to genealogy, are represented by the following groups: a) native Armenian words, b) Iranian borrowings, c) Greek borrowings, d) Assyrian borrowings, e) Arabic borrowings, f) Turkic borrowings. Words of unknown origin are also highlighted.

    Keywords"personal jewelry" semantic field borrowing bracelet ring earring necklace bib (brooch) head and hair jewelry gold silver.

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  • Shoghakat Devrikyan - Works of art depicting the “Meeting” of Gregory the Illuminator and Pope Sylvester I
    14 Pages | 135-149 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-135 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-30 | Reviewed on: 2024-05-29 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Arts

    The legend of the meeting of the King Tiridates III of Armenia, St. Gregory the Illuminator, Roman Emperor Constantine I, and Pope Sylvester I is an integral part of Armenian–Roman history. Over the centuries, it has been enriched with various details, sanctified, and completed during the Cilician period in the «Letter of Love and Concord». This event, often the subject of doubt and extensive studies, has also been depicted in various works of art, including miniatures, wall paintings, engravings, and icon paintings.

    KeywordsGregory the Illuminator Pope Sylvester I King Tiridates III Emperor Constantine I "Letter of Love and Concord" adoption of Christianity Church San Gregorio Armeno in Naples Rome Isfahan.

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  • Garegin Tumanyan - New interpretation of cultural belonging and dating of a group of ancient sepulchres in Armenia
    13 Pages | 150-163 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-150 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-15 | Reviewed on: 2024-06-28 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Archaeology

    From the discussion of the issues related to cultural belonging and dating of a number of sepulchres attributed to Early Iron Age of Armenia, one could conclude that these issues need urgent solution. The widespread practice of looking for parallels of separate items when dating sepulchral complex is unpromising. In the best scenario, this approach can enable to identify the time interval of the formation of the given sepulchral complex, but cannot reveal its cultural belonging.

    Keywordssepulchre Cimmerian Early Iron Age culture parallels simultaneous dating warrior rider related material bit.

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  • Artsvi Bakhchinyan - On an Armenian-Scandinavian mythological parallel (in Eng.)
    8 Pages | 163-171 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-163 |

    Revceived on: 2024-04-19 | Reviewed on: 2024-04-26 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Discussions

    In a letter dated 1951, Swedish mythologist Stig Wikander observed that the Armenian legend regarding the growth of a grapevine from the bone of a sacrificed calf has connections with both Greek apocrypha literature and Scandinavian/Nordic mythology. He also mentioned that he had published a preliminary article on this subject in a Swedish ethnographic journal . Wikander cited two original sources of these narratives, both associated with the name of the patriarch Noah.

    Keywordslegend about Noah Armenian mythology vine calf sacrifice Scandinavian mythology Thor goats.

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  • Maya Grigoryan - On the issue of printing the book “Nakhashavigh” by Khachatur Abovyan
    8 Pages | 163-171 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-171 |

    Revceived on: 2024-04-17 | Reviewed on: 2024-04-29 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Discussions

    The textbook of the outstanding Armenian writer, educator, teacher, public figure Kh. Abovyan (1809–1848) “Nakhashavigh” was written from 1836 to the beginning of 1838 primarily for applying it in the private school founded by the author. The book entered the printing house at the beginning of 1838 when the Arzanyants brothers officially started their printing activity. During this period, the first 18 press sheets were printed before the first warning was received about the author’s sponsor-Hessenmuller.

    KeywordsKh. Abovyan Tiflis “Nakhashavigh” Arzanyants brothers XIX century bibliography censorship history of Armenian printing printing house.

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  • Styopa Petoyan - “Karabakh” newspaper: from the history of the Shushi periodical press (1911–1912) (in Russ.)
    9 Pages | 216-225 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-216 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-14 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Publications

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  • - Hagop Tcholakian. Armenians and other communities in the historical Antioch region
    2 Pages | 225-227 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-225 |

    Revceived on: 2024-04-27 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Reviews

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  • Gayane Harutyunyan - Anushavan Zakaryan. Osip Mandelstam: the Poet and Armenia (in Russ.)
    2 Pages | 228-230 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-228 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-21 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Reviews

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  • Margarit Qamalyan - Arthur Manukyan: poster, graphics [bilingual (Armenian and English) illustrated book]
    3 Pages | 231-234 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-231 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-29 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Reviews

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  • Anahit Khechoyan - Proceedings of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, 5
    7 Pages | 235-242 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-235 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-29 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Reviews

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  • Тorc Dalalyan - Aram Ghanalanyan (on the occasion of his 115th birthday).
    5 Pages | 243-248 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-243 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-21 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Our honoured scholars

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  • Albert Kharatyan - Haykaz Manuk Poghosyan (on the occasion of his 100th birthday)
    5 Pages | 249-254 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-249 |

    Revceived on: 2024-06-17 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-12-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Our honoured scholars

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  • Aelita Dolukhanyan - Albert Kharatyan (on the occasion of her 85th birthday)
    7 Pages | 255-262 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-255 |

    Revceived on: 2023-12-27 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Our jubilees

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  • Ruben Sahakyan - Suren Sargsyan (on the occasion of his 70th birthday)
    5 Pages | 263-268 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-263 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-22 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Our jubilees

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  • - General annual meeting of NAS RA
    7 Pages | 269-276 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-269 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Scientific life

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  • - Extraordinary general meeting of NAS RA, April 3
    4 Pages | 277-281 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-277 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Scientific life

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  • Alexan Hakobyan , Zohrab Yerkoyan - Working meeting dedicated to Aghvank church
    1 Pages | 282-283 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-282 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Scientific life

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  • Heriknaz Vorskanyan - Commemorative event dedicated to the 60th anniversary of birth of Vardan Devrikyan
    3 Pages | 284-287 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-284 |

    Revceived on: 2024-06-03 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Scientific life

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  • Anna Asatryan - International Scientific Conference: Issues of art in Arshak Chopanyan’s magazine “Anahit”
    5 Pages | 288-293 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-288 |

    Revceived on: 2024-06-24 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Scientific life

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  • Areg Bayandur, Astghik Israelian - Vardan Hayrapetyan’s contribution to Philology
    2 Pages | 294-296 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-294 |

    Revceived on: 2024-06-13 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-07-10

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / Scientific life

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  • - Hamlet Аmbakum Gevorgyan
    2 Pages | 297-299 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-297 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / News

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  • - Nikolay Hovhannes Hovhannisyan
    2 Pages | 300-302 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-300 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / News

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  • Aelita Dolukhanyan - Nune Varazdat Deroyan
    2 Pages | 303-305 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-303 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / News

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  • Argishti Vardanyan , Hakop Muradyan - Vrej Mkrtich Vardanyan
    2 Pages | 306-308 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-306 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / News

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  • - Seda Devedjyan
    2 Pages | 309-311 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.2-309 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 2 (226) / News

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  • Ashot Melkonyan - Arevik-Meghri in the historical and political context of Armenia (in Eng.)
    11 Pages | 3-14 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-3 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-16 | Reviewed on: 2024-02-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    Each historical-geographical region of Armenia has had its own place and role both in regional developments and in the social and cultural life of Armenians. From that point of view, Syunik province of the kingdom of Greater Armenia is not an exception either. Together with Artsakh, it has been the eastern gate of the Armenian land for centuries, one of its military-political and civilizational cornerstones . It is no coincidence that Syunik had a special status in the kingdom of Greater Armenia. In Arsacid Armenia, the military forces under the ruling Syunik (Syuni) ministerial dynasty were among the most numerous , that is, they were ministers of the nobility and bore the titles of Prince of Princes or Crown Prince.

    KeywordsSyunik Arevik canton Meghri Sisakan Stepanos Orbelian Tatev monastery Kingdom of Syunik David Bek Zangezur district Garegin Nzhdeh Mountainous Armenia.

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  • Gayane Makhmourian - On the historical and political assessment of the Treaty of Moscow, dated march 16 (18) 1921 (in Eng.)
    24 Pages | 15-39 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-15 |

    Revceived on: 2023-12-14 | Reviewed on: 2024-03-05 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    Although officially dated 16 March 1921, the Treaty of Moscow signed by the Soviet Russia and Kemalist Turkey on 18 March 1921 exemplifies a highly politicized text which reflects the pragmatism and revolutionary zeal of the beneficiary parties. At the same time it completely ignores the funda¬mental norms of democracy and International Law. This document was concluded by the illegitimate Turkish side as evidenced by the fact that the Ottoman Empire was at that time officially ruled by the Sultan with his Cabinet in Constantinople as well as by the fact that the Kemalists referred to the National Pact (adopted by the Ottoman metropolitan Parliament on 28 January 1920) in the Article I of the Treaty of Moscow. The Kemalists emphasized this way their collaboration with the official authorities and a range of other circumstances.

    Keywords Treaty of Moscow 1921 Republic of Armenia RSFSR Kemalist Turkey Region of Kars Surmalu Nakhijevan Artsakh (Mountainous Karabakh) Azerbaijan Georgia.

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  • Ashot Manucharyan - Episcopal diocese of Vanand (IV–VIII centuries)
    9 Pages | 40-49 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-40 |

    Revceived on: 2023-04-20 | Reviewed on: 2023-05-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    The episcopacy of Vanand was one of the ancient 12/13 dioceses of Armenia, which were confirmed by St. Gregory the Illuminator at the beginning of the 4th century. Some time later, with the second diocesan branch of St. Gregory the Illuminator, it became the 15th among the 30 (36) major dioceses of Armenia, occupying a central place. The episcopacy of Vanand played a decisive role in the national church affairs of the country in the early Middle Ages.

    Keywordsepiscopacy diocese Vanand ancient main central place Middle Ages national church Catholicos.

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  • Artak Maghalyan - On the issue of Grigor Hasan-Jalalyan’s apostasy, Catholicos of Gandzasar
    19 Pages | 50-69 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-50 |

    Revceived on: 2023-12-08 | Reviewed on: 2023-12-27 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    In the Gavazanagirq (chronological list of Catholicoi) from Alwanq (Gandzasar) and in various chronicles, there are references to Catholicos Grigor Hasan-Jalalyan, who renounced Christianity in the 16th century. For a long time, this information remained a mystery. However, after the publication (in 1970) of the memorial records of the Gospel written by hieromonk Abraham, kept under number 33 in the library of the Amenaprkich Monastery of Nor Jugha, it became known that Catholicos Grigor was forcibly converted to Islam in 1574 by Safavid Shah Tahmasp I (1524–1576).

    KeywordsArtsakh Gandzasar Grigor Hasan-Jalalyan Catholicos Gavazanagirq (chronological list of Catholicoi) Hishatakaran (memorial record) Safavid Iran Shah Tahmasp I forced conversion assimilation policy.

  • Avetis Harutyunyan - Van province during the governorship of Hasan Tahsin (1913–1914)
    17 Pages | 70-87 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-70 |

    Revceived on: 2023-04-12 | Reviewed on: 2023-06-05 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    After the overthrow of the party Ittihat in 1913, Hassan Tahsin Bey was appointed the new governor of Van (1913–1915). Being an Ittihatian, he, unlike other Young Turks, was not an ardent nationalist. H. Tahsin had a friendly attitude towards Armenians and understood the national peculiarities of the local conditions. Thanks to his personal qualities, he managed to spread the spirit of solidarity in the province of Van and for the first time took drastic measures to settle Armenian-Kurdish relations, clean the province of Van from bandits, suppress the resistance of the rebellious sheikhs, resolve disputed land issues and improve educational work in the province.

    KeywordsVan province H. Tahsin Ittihat party land issue Armenian-Kurdish relations educational problems party life Dashnaktsutyun party N. Hoff.

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  • Vahe Sargsyan - Dynamics of the Armenian population of Javakhk from 1959 to 2014 (according to the official census data)
    11 Pages | 88-99 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-88 |

    Revceived on: 2023-08-25 | Reviewed on: 2023-09-08 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    More than half of the Armenians living in Georgia inhabit in Javakhk (currently administratively divided into Samtskhe–Javakhk Province and Tsalka District of Kvemo Kartli Province). The administrative territorial redistributions, that took place in the Soviet Georgia after the Second World War, as well as large and small demographic shifts, that happened during the war and in after years, had a serious impact on both the administrative divisions and the demographic picture of the heavily Armenian-populated southern regions of the Georgian SSR. The Georgian (Cartvelian) element came to replace the Muslim element (Turk–Meskhetians) who were massively moved from the mentioned territories.

    KeywordsGeorgia Javakhk Georgians Armenians population national composition census official data dynamics.

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  • Lilit Hovhannisyan - Stages of diplomatic discussions of the Armenian question in 1878–1923 according to the assessment of Armenian historical science (1991–2023)
    30 Pages | 100-130 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-100 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-17 | Reviewed on: 2024-01-31 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / History

    During the 32 years of independence of the Republic of Armenia, Armenian historians have done valuable work in the direction of analyzing and evaluating both the collective obligations of the Great powers, their content and the Middle Eastern interests of each of the powers, their interstate conflicts on the issue of Western Armenia. In this context, the main stages of the diplomatic content of the Armenian question, from the reforms of Western Armenia to autonomy, then to independence, and then to the protection of the rights of the Armenian national minority in Turkey, were revealed.

    Keywords Armenian question Republic of Armenia historical science Western Armenia reforms autonomy independence self-determination peace treaty secret agreements.

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  • David Gasparyan - Paruyr Sevak. Motherland and poet
    32 Pages | 131-163 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-131 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-01 | Reviewed on: 2024-01-21 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Literary studies

    Paruyr Sevak (1924–1971) lived and created during the Soviet years, developed his own theory of art, and took a worthy place in Armenian literature. His name was also heard in the All-Union poetry of that time, the paths of which were determined by Andrei Voznesensky, Robert Rozhdestvensky, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Joseph Brodsky, Vladimir Vysotsky, Eduardas Mieželaitis, Ivan Drach, and others. He was recognized and appreciated in this literary environment. He translated their works, and they translated his.

    KeywordsParuyr Sevak Armenian people motherland Mesrop Mashtots the year of 1915 Komitas folk song Ararat poem.

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  • Anushavan Zakaryan - The lecture of Sergey Gorodetsky on the Armenian question (Batumi, 1919) (in Russ.)
    7 Pages | 164-171 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-164 |

    Revceived on: 2023-12-11 | Reviewed on: 2024-01-15 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Literary studies

    Sergey Gorodetsky (1884–1967), the famous Russian poet, writer, public speaker, translator and public figure made an invaluable contribution to covering and assessing, to revealing new facts and details of the various aspects of the Armenian reality of the 10s of the 20th century. Acting and living first in Western Armenia then in Transcaucasia (1916–1921), he kept a close eye on the events taking place in Armenia, on the interior and exterior situation of the country and raised his powerful voice in favor of the just stuggle of the Armenian people.

    KeywordsSergey Gorodetsky the Armenian Question lecture Batumi the year of 1919.

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  • Susanna Hovhannisyan - Charents-Tumanyan: an unknown page of the artistic heritage of Yeghishe Charents
    16 Pages | 172-188 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-172 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-25 | Reviewed on: 2024-02-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Literary studies

    The creative and personal ties of Yeghishe Charents and Hovhannes Tumanyan were in the focus of attention of both Charents and Tumanyan scholars in the last decades of the last century. The researchers concluded that Charents' poetry is largely a continuation of Tumanyan’s literary traditions. Charents' assessments and views on Tumanyan’s place and role in the history of Armenian literature, expressed both in critical and artistic works, were significant and became the cornerstone for Tumanyan studies.

    KeywordsHovhannes Tumanyan Charents Nvard Tumanyan a draft of an unknown poem by Charents collection “Works of Art” “Dedication to Nvard”.

  • Hrachya Baloyan - Words related to nationality and national in the language of journalism of the Armenian press (early 1990s)
    12 Pages | 189-201 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-189 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-21 | Reviewed on: 2024-02-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Linguistics

    There are numerous newly formed words related to nationality and national in the language of journalism of the Armenian press for the period from 1991 to 1993. Among the words related to nationality and national, the words consisting of the component ազգ (nation) dominate. Among the latter, there are adjectives that are composed of nation + simple noun pattern, where the noun endings express a participial meaning. Some words are formed in the pattern nation + verbal noun (with the suffix -ում (the same as -tion in English)). A number of words were formed in the pattern nation + noun (with the suffix –ություն (the same as -ity in English). We also have newly formed words composed of ազգ (nation) + adjective pattern. We have encountered only one verb with the component ազգ (nation). Some words of another kind were also composed with the suffix – ություն (the same as -ity in English). There are three words formed by the component էթն(ոս) (ethnos (ethnicity)).

    KeywordsArmenian press nation national newly formed words meaning Armenian (language) Armenian (nation) Russian.

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  • Mher Navoyan - The views of Khachatur Abovyan on national music issues
    13 Pages | 202-215 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-202 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-19 | Reviewed on: 2024-01-21 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Arts

    The views of the founder of the Eastern Armenian literary language Khachatur Abovyan about music are based on the ideas of Armenian national identity. Two of his articles, "Armenian Church and Folk Music", as well as an article addressed to the Imperial Russian Academy that has not been preserved to this day, pursued a specific and cognitive goal to identify the characteristic features of the identity of the Armenian people and introduce them to the outside world. In the history of Armenian music, these articles marked the beginning of the formation of a national worldview, the ideological foundations of which were formed under the influence of German Romanticism, and the culmination of which was the formation of the Armenian national school of composers.

    KeywordsKhachatur Abovyan Johann Benjamin Gross German Romanticism sacred song traditional musical and poetic art art of ashughs national school of composers khaz Sharakan.

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  • Samvel Ramazyan - The problems of studying the epic “Koroglu” and Armenia (in Eng.)
    17 Pages | 216-233 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-216 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-06 | Reviewed on: 2024-02-19 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Archaeology, ethnography

    The epic “Koroglu” (“Köroğlu”, “Koroghlu”, “Korogli”, “Kerogli”), despite its late origin (XVII century), in comparison with other Turkic epics, has no analogue in its prevalence. The formation of the epic started from the XVII century and lasted until the XIX century. Later, it was subjected to various artistic developments and changes, becoming a unique example of overcoming linguistic and ethnic boundaries . Mainly handed down by narrators, it began to be written down in the first half of XIX century to the beginning of XX century, and the stories spread in Central Asia, especially in 1930–1940s and later.

    KeywordsKoroglu (Korogli) epic Armenia Armenian version Urmia Azerbaijan (Aturpatakan) A. Chodzko Turkic Iran ashugh.

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  • Tigran Aleksanyan - Observations on the issue of the Matznaberd fortress localization
    10 Pages | 234-244 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-234 |

    Revceived on: 2023-10-20 | Reviewed on: 2023-11-23 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Archaeology, ethnography

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  • Anzhela Amirkhanyan -
    12 Pages | 245-257 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-245 |

    Revceived on: 2023-11-14 | Reviewed on: 2023-12-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Archaeology, ethnography

    Field ethnographic materials, collected in the regions of Lori, Tavush, Syunik and Lori in 2009–2023, indicate that the use of berries in the Armenian nutrition system has changed. Unlike the traditional system in which they were used as components of dishes, already in the middle of the 20th century, as a result of the availability of sugar and introduction of new technologies, berries became ingredients mainly for making candies.

    Keywordswild berries nutrition system sugar candies social and economic situation market relations.

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  • Vano Yeghiazaryan - The probable promoter of the “History” by Aristakes Lastivertsi
    12 Pages | 258-270 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-258 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-24 | Reviewed on: 2024-01-29 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Discussions

    The “History” by Aristakes Lastiversi, like the “Histories” of his pre¬de-cessors and successors, had a promoter, since the presence of a patron-promoter was a stable and repeatable genre feature of historiographical prose. 2. In the “History”, the author’s sympathy was with the Bagratuni dynasty. 3. The translation of the expression «վասն որոյ պատմությունս է» – “who is this story about” – in the second chapter of the “History” is unconvincing, since the “History” of Aristakes does not tell about King Gagik I. 4. Taking into account the ancient Armenian semantic nuances of the word «վասն» (the main meaning: “about”), we prefer other translation options: “thanks to whom this story is”, “for whom this story is”, “through whom this story is”, “through whose mediation this story is”. In all these cases, King Gagik I Bagratuni could be considered the probable promoter of the “History”.

    KeywordsAristakes Lastivertsi genre characteristics translation of the text from ancient Armenian into modern Armenian the probable promoter King Gagik I.

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  • Ashot Melkonyan - Memories about Vahan Teryan
    4 Pages | 271-275 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-271 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-16 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Publications

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  • Valeri Tunyan - T. Olgenin: Armenia in the first half of 1913 (in Russ.)
    7 Pages | 276-283 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-276 |

    Revceived on: 2023-11-28 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Reviews

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  • Anna Asatryan -
    3 Pages | 284-287 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-284 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-02 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Reviews

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  • Gayane Makhmourian - Lilit Huvhannisyan: coverage of the problems of the history of the Armenian question of 1915–1923 in the historical science of the Republic of Armenia (1991–2015) (in Russ.)
    5 Pages | 288-293 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-288 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-26 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Reviews

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  • Аnna Arevshatyan - Mher Navoyan: The formation of the Armenian hymnography: a critical overview
    5 Pages | 294-299 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-294 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-27 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Reviews

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  • Gevorg Stepanyan - Karen Mkrtchyan: Armenian-Iranian relations (1991–2005)
    3 Pages | 300-303 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-300 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-29 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Reviews

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  • Hasmik Harutyunyan - Yervand Lalayan (on the occasion of his 160th birthday)
    6 Pages | 304-310 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-304 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-08 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Our honoured scholars

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  • - Konstantin Khudaverdyan (on the occasion of his 95th birthday) (in Russ.).
    3 Pages | 311-314 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-311 |

    Revceived on: 2024-11-12 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-02-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Our honoured scholars

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  • - Verjine Svazlyan (on the occasion of her 90th birthday)
    2 Pages | 315-317 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-315 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-29 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Our jubilees

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  • Svetlana Poghosyan - Suren Hobosyan (on the occasion of his 75th birthday)
    3 Pages | 318-321 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-318 |

    Revceived on: 2024-02-27 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Our jubilees

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  • - “Areviк (Meghri): historical and cultural heritage and intercultural relations” International Conference in the city of Meghri
    6 Pages | 322-328 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-322 |

    Revceived on: 2024-03-04 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / Scientific life

    Conferences that take place in the regions of the Republic of Armenia aim not only to activate the scientific life outside of Yerevan, also to arouse interest in the local public in the historical past of the region and to make them aware of the latest scientific studies and innovations. In addition, they give the researchers of the capital the opportunity to enter into direct and mutual contact in the environment they are researching. In this sense, are especially important that scientific events held in the border regions. Once of the main goals of the conference was to consider Meghri in the current geopolitical context.
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  • Tigran Zargaryan - Scientific journals of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia on international platforms
    3 Pages | 329-332 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.1-329 |

    Revceived on: 2024-01-21 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-03-22

    Published in: 2024 N 1 (225) / News

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  • - From the history of religious contradictions in the Armenian community of Constantinople (1715–1764)
    17 Pages | 3-20 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-3 |

    Revceived on: 2024-10-04 | Reviewed on: 2024-10-11 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / History

    During the reign of Armenian Patriarch Hovhannes Kolot of Constantinople, thanks to his prudence, frequent outbreaks of splits in the Armenian Community were prevented. Negotiation processes with Armenian Catholics were expanded. For Hovhannes Kolot and his associates, the basis of the dialogues was that the Catholics being members of the Armenian Community should refrain from confrontations against the national church, which would also help to avoid persecution by the state. Instead, as the facts show, the leaders of the community provided Armenian Catholics a stage (for sermons) in the national churches, banned the anti-Chalcedonian demonstrations in those churches, etc. In a number of issues, Hovhannes Kolot cooperated with the French ambassador to Constantinople, who was guided not by religious limitations but by the political interests of France.

    KeywordsArmenian Community of Constantinople Armenian Catholics Hovhannes Kolot Grigor Shirvantsi (Shgtayakir) St. Hakobyants Monastery Hakop Nalyan Petros Kyutur religious contradictions Angora translated Catholic literature.

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  • Silvart Malhasyan (Istanbul) - Assistance of the Armenians of Constantinople to the First Republic of Armenia and Soviet Armenia (1919–1920)
    15 Pages | 21-36 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-21 |

    Revceived on: 2024-03-13 | Reviewed on: 2024-03-07 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / History

    From the very first days, the Armenians of Constantinople welcomed the proclamation of the First Republic of Armenia in May 1918, but could not openly express their feelings. After the official recognition of the Armenian Republic by the Paris Peace Conference on January 19, 1920, they showed their enthusiasm much more freely and began to participate in helping their Motherland. The assistance to Armenia was organized by the religious leaders of three churches headed by the Armenian Patriarchate of Turkey. Various cultural events were held.

    Keywordsthe Armenians of Constantinople First Republic of Armenia Soviet Armenia periodicals Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople government loan bond.

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  • Vahe Sargsyan - Visa regime in Russian-Georgian Relations and its effects on the Armenians living in Georgia (2000–2023)
    17 Pages | 37-54 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-37 |

    Revceived on: 2024-07-23 | Reviewed on: 2024-10-18 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / History

    The visa regime, established in 2000–2023, is an integral part of Georgian-Russian post-Soviet relations, a unique litmus test that shows the level of relations between the two countries at this stage. The established visa regime, confirmed by the administration of E. Shevardnadze in 2000 and strengthened during the years of the pro-Western and pro-Turkish rule of M. Saakashvili, caused a great damage to Russian-Georgian interstate relations, trade and economic ties, as well as to spiritual, cultural, and humanitarian contacts, mutually hindering visits of the citizens to these countries and in some periods creating insurmountable obstacles.

    KeywordsRussia Georgia visa regime Russian-Georgian relations Embassy of Switzerland interests of Georgia Russian Federation Republic of Armenia Armenians living in Georgia Prague negotiations.

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  • Lilit Seyranyan - The principle of reflection in Mateos Zarifyan’s poetry
    22 Pages | 55-77 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-55 |

    Revceived on: 2024-06-24 | Reviewed on: 2024-07-02 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Literary studies

    The last talented representative of Western Armenian lyrics, Mateos (Trdat) Zarifyan, was born on January 17, 1894 in the suburb of Constantinople, Ketik Pasha. In 1913, he graduated from the Perper College, receiving a diploma in art history. From 1914 onwards, he worked as a teacher at the same college. After the outbreak of the First World War, he was drafted into the Turkish army. Protesting against the harsh conditions of the life in barracks, not wanting to serve in the enemy army, he maked several attempts to escape and was sentenced to exile by a military tribunal. Thanks to the petition of his friends, the sentence was replaced by imprisonment and hard labor, and subsequently, he worked as an orderly in a military hospital. In 1919, he worked as a translator at the British military mission, and then at the Perper College as a teacher of English and Physical Education. In 1921, the poet's health deteriorated sharply and he and his parents moved to the island of Prinkipo in the Marmara Sea. On April 9, 1924, Zarifyan died.

    KeywordsZarifyan Western Armenian lyrics the last representative narcissism Oscar Wilde eye mirror pool sea.

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  • David Gasparyan - Aksel Bakunts: a victim of political violence (1936–1937)
    19 Pages | 78-97 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-78 |

    Revceived on: 2024-06-20 | Reviewed on: 2024-08-14 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Literary studies

    The prominent novelist Aksel Bakunts (1899–1937) was criticized as a “nationalist” at party meetings and in the literary press as early as 1933. At the height of his creative powers, in addition to being accused of nationalism, terrorism was also attributed to him. The writer was arrested on August 9, 1936. Aksel Bakunts was imprisoned for 11 months. During that time, he was subjected to a severe moral and physical torture. On July 8, 1936, his sentence to the highest punishment, execution by shooting, was carried out in Yerevan.

    KeywordsAksel Bakunts political persecution arrest detention interrogation sentence execution by shooting.

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  • Zarine Sarajyan - Hamo Sahyan: Literary portrait
    18 Pages | 98-116 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-98 |

    Revceived on: 2024-06-21 | Reviewed on: 2024-06-24 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Literary studies

    Hamo Sahyan (Hmayak Sahaki Grigoryan, 1914–1993) is an outstanding Armenian poet. His first collection of poems, entitled “On the Banks of the Vorotan”, was published in 1946. Later, he published the collections “On the Peak” (1955), “Nairyan Green Poplar” (1958), “Armenia in the Songs” (1962), “Before Sunset” 1964), “Song of the Cliffs” (1968), “Open, Sezam” (1972) etc.

    KeywordsHamo Sahyan poetry nature man worldview pantheism homeland literary relations translation art philosophy.

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  • Lusine Margaryan - An attempt to periodize the history of the toponymic system of Artsakh
    13 Pages | 117-130 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-117 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-27 | Reviewed on: 2024-06-04 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Linguistics

    The attempt to periodize the toponymic system of Artsakh is aimed at identifying historical and linguistic toponyms – realities and regularities of development of their system based on the analysis of historical and linguistic facts. Periodization is carried out on the basis of three principles: 1. The principle of the history of the toponymic system is the history of all its separate stages. 2. The principle of impossibility of absolute periodization. 3. The principle of the direct connection between the emergence of toponyms and their change in parallel with the history of the nation.

    Keywordstoponymy of Artsakh historical periodization elements of substrate linguistic impact renaming influence of historical and political processes.

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  • Armen Sargsyan, Shogher Minasyan - Lavrenti Hovhannisyan’s research on the dialect of Karabakh (Artsakh)
    12 Pages | 131-143 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-131 |

    Revceived on: 2024-07-24 | Reviewed on: 2024-07-29 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Linguistics

    Lavrenti Hovhannisyan, contemporary Armenian linguist, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, has authored a series of scientific works dedicated to the Karabakh dialect. In his works, he has examined the archaic phonetical, lexical, and grammatical features of the dialect in order to prove the existence of the Armenian population in Artsakh since ancient times. Among the most characteristic phonetic phenomena, he highlights the deafening of the initial voiced consonants in Classical Armenian, in some cases aspiration and palatalization of these consonants, which he does not associate with Turkic influence, the absence of the “f” sound and the presence of oxytonic stress.

    KeywordsKarabakh (Artsakh) dialect L. Hovhannisyan Classical Armenian Iranian languages phonetic system lexis grammatical system loanwords etymology archaisms.

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  • Artashes Martirosyan - Study of the semantic structure of lexemes of one microsystem of the lexical set “Names of persons”
    12 Pages | 144-156 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-144 |

    Revceived on: 2024-07-09 | Reviewed on: 2024-07-17 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Linguistics

    The subject of the study of lexicology comes down primarily to a diachronic consideration of the extra-linguistic, socio-historical nature of the lexical composition of a language, for which lexicography is an indispensable source. This study is based on the sociolinguistic and systemic-semantic aspects of the study of vocabulary. The first involves the characterization and classification of words according to external socio-historical factors (borrowings from different forms of language), according to the peculiarities of the use of words (archaisms, neologisms), and according to professional areas of use of words (terms). In the case of the second, the center of consideration is the internal semantic structure of the lexeme, view at the vocabulary as a system.

    Keywordslexical semantics lexical-semantic set lexical-semantic group lexeme semantic structure archiseme nuclear seme peripheral seme.

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  • Artsvi Bakhchinyan, Vartan Matiossian - The relationship of Armen Ohanian and Archag Tchobanian
    11 Pages | 157-168 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-157 |

    Revceived on: 2024-09-23 | Reviewed on: 2024-10-04 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Arts

    Dancer, writer, actress and translator Armen Ohanian (Sofia Pirbudaghian, 1888, Shamakha –1976, Mexico City) lived in Paris from 1912–1931 and maintained a long-term professional relationship with Archag Tchobanian. Tchobanian’s archive in the State Museum of Literature and Art of Armenia contains 65 letters (18 in Armenian and 47 in French) addressed to him from Ohanian. They participated in pro-Armenian events in Paris. Tchobanian was actively interested in Ohanian’s artistic and literary work; he often introduced her to his Armenian and French friends to support her dance performances and publication of her literary works. Tchobanian translated one of Ohanian’s first works from French into Armenian, edited her French works, and wrote about her art in his writings.

    KeywordsArmen Ohanian Archag Tchobanian correspondence creative and friendly relations pro-Armenian events in Paris Anatole France.

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  • Armine Petrosyan - Female image in the art of Hmayak Hakobyan
    10 Pages | 169-179 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-169 |

    Revceived on: 2024-09-16 | Reviewed on: 2024-11-18 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Arts

    The image of a woman takes a special place in the work of the Tiflis Armenian artist, representative of the academic school of painting Hmayak Hakobyan (1871–1939). Through female images, the artist expressed his feelings, thoughts, and his state of mind. The portraits and sketches he created represent a generalized, collective image of a woman of his era. Realism and lyricism are characteristic of the master's work. The theme of aesthetics of the naked body is widely represented in the artist's paintings and graphics.

    KeywordsHmayak Hakobyan female images (graphics) naked woman woman as a driving force woman as a source of inspiration female images (painting).

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  • Arsen Bobokhian - Levon Melikset-Bek – Researcher of Dragon stones
    14 Pages | 180-194 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-180 |

    Revceived on: 2024-07-15 | Reviewed on: 2024-07-20 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Archaeology and Ethnography

    Levon Melikset-Bek, a specialist in Caucasian Studies, is known to the scientific community as a medievalist and expert in Source studies. As an archaeologist, he studied megalithic monuments, in particular dragon stones. L. Melikset-Bek showed a special interest in archaeology during his studies at Odessa University. After his studies, he was a member of several archaeological societies holding senior positions. In 1923–1930, Melikset-Bek carried out energetic archaeological activity in different parts of Georgia (Kakheti, Kavturi, South Ossetia, Trialeti, Javakheti) studying medieval monuments. However, Melikset-Bek is engaged in real archaeology not in the field of medieval, but prehistoric archaeology: in particular, the author's object of research is megalithic monuments partly in Ossetia, but mainly in Javakheti and Trialeti.

    KeywordsLevon Melikset-Bek archaeology Javakheti Trialeti megalithic culture dragon stones researches of 1920s.

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  • Samvel Ramazyan - An allogenic personage in the versions of the epic “Sasna Tsrer” and its genealogical roots: Zinjil Ghiran
    14 Pages | 195-209 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-195 |

    Revceived on: 2024-09-28 | Reviewed on: 2024-09-30 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Archaeology and Ethnography

    The bearers of the Armenian and Turkic epic traditions in the Armenian Highlands were in constant contact, as a result of which allogeneic (Turkic) personages in the Armenian epic “Sasna Tsrer” (“Daredevils of Sassoun”) and Armenian personages, in particular, in the epic “Kerogli” are revealed. Obviously, there was a process of bilateral mutual enrichment and interpenetration of some epic elements. The analysis of the characters of Zinjil Ghiran in some versions of “Sasna Tsrer” and Zincirkıran in the epic “Keroglu” brings to light their genealogical roots.

    Keywordsepic “Sasna Tsrer” (“Daredevils of Sassoun”) Zinjil Ghiran David of Sassoun epic “Kerogli” Zincirkıran Arakel Davrizhetsi Eremia Komurjian Garegin Hovsepian.

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  • Arusyak Shirinyan - Perception of time in the works of Anania Shirakatsi
    11 Pages | 210-221 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-210 |

    Revceived on: 2024-05-07 | Reviewed on: 2024-04-22 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / History of Philosophical thought

    In philosophy, A. Shirakatsi’s perception of time had its own characteristics, and his consideration was not always detailed or systematized, compared to the later philosophical traditions. A. Shirakatsi’s concepts of time can be seen in his reflections on infinity and finitude, in polemics with “evil pagan” philosophers and Chaldean astrologers. The categories of time in the philosophy of the Armenian philosopher are found in the context of metaphysics, an important component of which was the understanding of time in Aristotle’s philosophy.

    KeywordsAnania Shirakatsi philosophy infinity eternity time metaphysics.

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  • Ruben Karapetyan - Intensification of geopolitical struggle in the South Caucasus in the context of formation of the New Middle East after the Artsakh war in 2020 (in Russ.)
    9 Pages | 222-231 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-222 |

    Revceived on: 2024-10-16 | Reviewed on: 2024-10-31 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Discussions

    The South Caucasus region historically has always been connected with the Middle East and throughout history has been an arena of struggle between world empires and regional powers. After the Artsakh war in 2020, the Middle East is much "closer" to the South Caucasus, where the Iranian-Israeli confrontation may spread. In the context of an unprecedented number of actors in the South Caucasus and a certain geopolitical vacuum that has been created, the countries of the region are forced to reconsider their previously established relations with the centers of power.

    Keywords South Caucasus New Middle East Karabakh conflict Artsakh war Russian Federation Turkey Israel Iran Arab countries Armenia collective West new world order.

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  • Gayane Ghazaryan, Hamo Sukiasyan - A remarkable testimony about foreigners who settled in Leninakan during the years of great repatriation
    6 Pages | 232-238 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-232 |

    Revceived on: 2024-09-15 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-22

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Publicatons

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  • Styopa Petoyan - “Shushi leaflet” newspaper: from the history of the Shushi periodical press (the 1910s) (in Russ.)
    5 Pages | 239-244 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-239 |

    Revceived on: 2024-10-11 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Publicatons

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  • Arsen Harutyunyan - Husik Melkonyan: Tsaghats Kar Monastery
    5 Pages | 245-250 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-245 |

    Revceived on: 2024-11-06 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Reviews

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  • Vardan Voskanyan - Armanush Kozmoyan: Research in the field of Iranian studies
    2 Pages | 251-253 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-251 |

    Revceived on: 2024-06-10 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Reviews

  • Petros Demirchyan - Sergey Sarinyan (on the occasion of his 100th birthday)
    3 Pages | 254-257 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-254 |

    Revceived on: 2024-10-11 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Our honoured scholars

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  • Aelita Dolukhanyan - Sevak Arzumanyan (on the occasion of his 95th birthday)
    4 Pages | 258-262 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-258 |

    Revceived on: 2024-06-17 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Our honoured scholars

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  • Heriknaz Vorskanyan - Avetik Vigen Isahakyan (on the occasion of his 80th birthday)
    5 Pages | 263-268 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-263 |

    Revceived on: 2024-11-15 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Our jubilees

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  • Vache Hovakimyan - Ruben Azizbekyan (on the occasion of his 70th birthday)
    2 Pages | 269-271 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-269 |

    Revceived on: 2024-07-22 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Our jubilees

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  • Haykuhi Muradyan, Robert Ghazaryan - International conference on “Issues of cultural heritage in the post-soviet period” (in Eng.)
    2 Pages | 272-274 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-272 |

    Revceived on: 2024-10-14 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Scienific life

    On August 29, at the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, an international conference titled “Issues of Cultural Heritage in the Post-Soviet Period” took place, organized by the “Geghard” Scientific Analytical Foundation. Experts from Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, and Hungary participated in the conference. During the event's opening, the participants and guests were welcomed by the director of the foundation, Robert Ghazaryan; the coordinator of the “Orbeli” Analytical-Research Center, Mikayel Yalanuzyan and Karen Pahlevanyan, the director of the Sardarapat Memorial Complex, the Museum of Armenian Ethnography and the History of the National Liberation Struggle.
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  • Anna Asatryan - International scientific conference “Sergei Parajanov-100”
    5 Pages | 275-280 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-275 |

    Revceived on: 2024-11-17 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Scienific life

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  • Kristine Bedzhanyan - International Scientific Conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the death of V. Bryusov: “Problems of literary and cultural interrelations in the era of globalization” (in Russ.)
    8 Pages | 281-289 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-281 |

    Revceived on: 2024-10-28 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Scienific life

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  • Syranush Margaryan - International Scientific Conference: “Literary directions and schools in the context of the world classic literature and national literature (from the early Classicism to the 20s of the 20th century): typology, general features and peculiarities”
    4 Pages | 290-294 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-290 |

    Revceived on: 2024-11-04 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Scienific life

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  • Lilit Seyranyan - Anniversary conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary Parur Sevak
    3 Pages | 295-298 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-295 |

    Revceived on: 2024-11-15 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Scienific life

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  • Syranush Margaryan - Anniversary conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary Sergey Sarinyan
    3 Pages | 299-302 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-299 |

    Revceived on: 2024-11-20 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2024-11-21

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / Scienific life

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  • - Statement of the Presidium of NAS RA
    1 Pages | 303 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-303 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / News

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  • - Presentation of the book “Examination of the “historical” maps of the National Atlas of Azerbaijan, 2014, and the fictional term “Western Azerbaijan”” (in Eng.)
    1 Pages | 304-305 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-304 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / News

    On July 12, the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia hosted the presentation of the bilingual (Armenian and English) book “A Cartographic Examination of “Historical” Maps in the National Atlas of Azerbaijan, 2014 and the Invented Terminology of “Western Azerbaijan””. The author of the book is the prominent geographer and cartographer Ruben Galichian. The book was published thanks to the collabora¬tion of the “Geghard” Scientific Analytical Foundation and the Institute of History of NAS RA.
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  • Anna Asatryan - New academic edition of the works of Komitas
    1 Pages | 306-307 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-306 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / News

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  • - The presentation of the book “Transformation of the South Caucasian power relations and the Artsakh War of 2020” took place at the Institute of Oriental Studies of NAS RA
    1 Pages | 308-309 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2024.3-308 |

    Revceived on: 0001-01-01 | Reviewed on: 0001-01-01 | Accepted for printing on: 0001-01-01

    Published in: 2024 N 3 (227) / News

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  • Lusine Sahakyan - Vahagn Dadryan – The outstanding researcher of the Armenian Genocide
    30 Pages | 3-33 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-3 |

    Revceived on: 2023-01-27 | Reviewed on: 2023-03-06 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / History

    Prominent historian Vahagn Dadryan’s contribution to the study of the Armenian Genocide is highly valuable. Applying the latest historical-comparative and interdisciplinary methods, Dadryan discovered and introduced numerous archival documents into scientific circulation. Proceeding from theoretical statements put forward by different scientific disciplines, the scholar proposed and analyzed new problems and aspects of the Armenian Genocide, and the results of his investigations published on various academic and socio-political platforms, have always attracted the attention of academic circles.

    KeywordsVahagn Dadryan Armenian Genocide exile Armenia Artsakh Diaspora Ottoman Empire sociology criminalistics victimology document press.

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  • Albert Kharatyan - The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem and the Greek–Armenian confrontation around the Holy Places (1700s–1730s)
    18 Pages | 55-73 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-55 |

    Revceived on: 2023-01-29 | Reviewed on: 2023-02-13 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / History

    Since the end of the 17th century, the Armenian Patriarchates of Jerusalem and Constantinople have faced trials and overcoming their grave consequences. The Patriarchate of Constantinople, weakened by theological strife, was unable to maintain the inviolability of the Jerusalem monastery of St. Jacob. The monastery was at the mercy of adventurers and greedy representatives of the local elite, who ruthlessly plundered the property of the monastery. The frequent change of patriarchs led to the fact that even the very existence of the Armenian congregation in Jerusalem was called into question.

    KeywordsArmenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople properties of Holy Places Hovhannes Hannah Patriarch Avetik Patriarch Hovhannes Kolot Patriarch Grigor Shirvantsi Faizullah Mufti Greek Patriarch Meletios of Jerusalem.

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  • Aelita Dolukhanyan - The great innovator of Armenian medieval literature
    21 Pages | 74-95 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-74 |

    Revceived on: 2022-11-28 | Reviewed on: 2022-12-01 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / Literature

    Nerses Shnorhali (1100-1173) is a major figure in Armenian medieval literature of the 12th century, one of the holy fathers of the Armenian Church, and during his lifetime he had international recognition throughout the Christian world. Shnorhali was fluent in the languages of the civilized countries of his time and he was in business relations with prominent spiritual figures, the nobility and the court of both Greater Armenia and Cilician Armenia. He was a many-sided person, endowed with many abilities, for which he was nicknamed Shnorhali (Beneficial). He was a poet, musician, writer, translator, theologian, cosmologist and teacher.

    Keywords Nerses Shnorali 12th century theologian riddle sharakan innovator medieval literature “Lament for Edessa” (Elegy for the Capture of Edessa) “Jesus the Son”.

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  • Yeva Mnatsakanyan - Some observations on H. Tumanyan’s unfinished drama “Artavazd”
    15 Pages | 96-111 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-96 |

    Revceived on: 2023-02-15 | Reviewed on: 2023-02-25 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / Literature

    On the basis of the manuscripts and other materials preserved in the archives of Tumanyan, one can make a rough idea of the tendency of the drama “Artavazd”, of its possible plot, ideology, psychological developments of the author, and symbols. By means of a comparative examination, not only several essential characteristics of the typological differentiation of Artavazd myth are highlighted, but possible hypotheses for revealing the contextual sub-layers of H. Tumanyan’s “Artavazd” drama are also suggested. While studying the issue, we applied the comparative, historical-comparative, interpretive methods, pointing out and analyzing the basis of tragical conflict between Artashes and Artavazd and the key features in Tumanyan’s notes and in the article “On the section of “Tenchair Satenik” by Khorenatsi”.

    Keywords H. Tumanyan M. Khorenatsi legend Artashes Artavazd Satenik unfinished drama notes mythological map envy longing psychological domain.

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  • Marine Sargsyan - Avetik Isahakyan’s “little Tragedies”
    15 Pages | 112-127 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-112 |

    Revceived on: 2022-10-06 | Reviewed on: 2022-12-26 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / Literature

    became an exceptional life experience, creative reflection of which are the short stories of “One Week With a Convict”, “Kurd Amo” and “Bayram Ali”. Born from the creative idea of “From Рrison Мemories”, they turned into multilayered “little tragedies”. Perfected and revised by the author, wise with vast life experience, they in a certain way crystallized eternal conflicts that occur in different planes of nature and human existence. Inside – between the consciousness and unconsciousness, outside – between the worlds created by nature and created by man, between the inner and outer, as well as several basic tragedies of the destruction of man, the individual, resulting from these conflicts and in addition, derivative-adjacent tragedies of human involvement and non-involvement in human suffering. Moreover, all these tragedies are panhuman and eternal.

    KeywordsAvetik Isahakyan artistic prose creative project memoir short story prison cross tragedy microworld macroworld key idea humanistic world view.

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  • Burastan Zulumyan (Moscow) - Tiran Chrakyan (Intra) and his Collection of Poems “Cypress Country” (in Russ.)
    25 Pages | 128-153 | DOI: Doi:10.54503/0135-0536-2023.1-128 |

    Revceived on: 2022-09-01 | Reviewed on: 2022-09-05 | Accepted for printing on: 2023-03-23

    Published in: 2023 N 1 (222) / Literature

    Tyran Chrakyan (1875–1921) is one of the outstanding Western Armenian poets of the early twentieth century, author of the lyrical and philosophical prose poem “Inner World” (1906) and the poetic cycle “Cypress Country” published in 1908. The poetry of the “Cypress Country” collection is based on the symbolic aesthetics of the world perception. The collection consists of forty poems that are closely interrelated to the lyrical plot. The lyrical hero, as the embodiment of perfection and the link between the earth and heaven, reflects on cypresses.

    Keywords Tyran Chrakyan Intra “Cypress Country” sonnets symbolism beauty perfection another world.

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